... Abstract Being produced and promoted by large transnational corporations, tobacco provides a fascinating opportunity for investigating the detrimental impacts of commercial interests on health. This chapter critically reflects on the role of tobacco companies in the production, distribution...

... Abstract Tobacco smoke contains thousands of organic and inorganic chemicals. Two thirds of these originate from pyrolysis and pyrosynthesis in the burning or smoldering of tobacco products. The rest is transferred unchanged from the tobacco into the smoke. The components in tobacco leaves...

... Abstract Clinical Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, the effects of tobacco use on chronic kidney disease (CKD) are less widespread. Epidemiology: Smoking tobacco is associated...

... Abstract Tobacco has been in use for over 10,000 years and worldwide for over 500 years, but its use was limited by the intensity of time and labour involved in producing, preparing and using it. From the late 1800s, developments in mechanisation, transport and technology led to greater ease...

... Abstract This review covers global deaths, prevalence, consumption, tobacco economics, obstacles to tobacco control and tobacco control action in the tobacco epidemic. It highlights that 80% of smokers now live in low- and middle-income countries, and addresses the economic drain of tobacco...

... Abstract Respiratory disorders are among the most frequent causes of death and severe disability from the steadily worsening global pandemic of smoking tobacco. Two disorders stand out: lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). First, lung cancer caused 1.59 million deaths...

... Abstract Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide. In addition to local harmful effects of tobacco smoke, it exerts dramatic systemic effects in the entire body. In this chapter, we summarize the evidence of the diseases caused by smoking, with particular emphasis...

... Abstract The six largest tobacco companies have a turnover of some USD 350 billion and profits of USD 35 billion, so for good reason are called Big Tobacco. Nearly 20% of the world's adult population smoke, and smoking diseases account for 1 in 10 of all deaths globally. Tobacco is a huge...

... Abstract Tobacco is among the major preventable causes of death in the world today. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tobacco kills about 6 million people yearly. The tobacco epidemic is devastating but preventable by strong political measures. This was the reason why in 1996...

... Abstract Tobacco use, which includes smoked and smokeless tobacco products, continues to be the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. This underscores the urgent need for prevention of the onset of tobacco use. Since only very few initiate smoking or become habitual...

... and increase the propensity to imitate this behavior. The tobacco industry has a long-standing relationship with Hollywood, with formerly secret industry documents confirming that the industry paid for smoking in entertainment media. From content analyses it can be concluded that the images of smoking...

... Abstract Despite a historical inclination to view tobacco use as a defect in character or reason, advances in the neurobiological understanding of human behavior and the associated disturbances in behavior patterns produced by exposure to nicotine lead to a conceptualization of tobacco...

... Abstract The long-term use of smokeless tobacco has led to severe health consequences in countries like India, Pakistan and Sudan, whereas the products used in Scandinavia and USA are less hazardous. Both the type of product and the general health of the population determine the outcome. All...

... Abstract Waterpipe smoking is a centuries-old method of inhaling tobacco after it has passed through a body of water. Cultural variations exist in its use; however, the West in particular has witnessed a surge in flavoured waterpipe tobacco use, known as moassel. This is typically shared...

... in carcinogenesis,and adducts involving DNA and hydroxyethyl radicals, as well as immunogenicadducts due to acetaldehyde; (5) Tobacco smoking and cancer due to acetaldehyde and procarcinogensthat are activated by CYP2E1 and CYP1A2; (6) Alcohol’s effects on folate andmethionine cycles that result in hypomethylation...

... or tobacco appear to act in the digestive tract as a local carcinogen in adose-dependent and synergistic way. Alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde locally in theoral cavity mainly by microbes representing normal oral flora. Also tobacco smoke containshigh levels of acetaldehyde, which during smoking...

... Abstract Over 1.3 billion people use tobacco worldwide. Tobacco products currently account formore cancer deaths than can be attributed to all other known causes of the disease. Althoughlung cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by smoking, tobacco products arecausally related...