... Abstract Recent attention has focused on the biological pathways by which tendons heal leading to the identification of some growth factors (GFs) with involvement in this process. No studies have been published on the time course of the various GFs during the tendon healing process in vivo...

... Abstract Various functions are attributed to the stapedial reflex: as a low-frequency filter, itimproves hearing in noise and serves in the protection against acoustic trauma. Our studyanalyzed 25 patients who had undergone argon laser stapedotomy with preservation of thestapedial tendon...

... for which a genetic contribution has been proposed include the Achilles tendon in the heel, the rotator cuff tendons in the shoulder and the cruciate ligaments in the knee. Recent developments in the identification of genetic risk factors for tendon and ligament injuries will be reviewed. Sequence variants...

... Abstract The arthroscopic approach for rotator cuff repair is extensively used worldwide. Different repairing procedures have evolved with the aim of restoring anatomy and function of rotator cuff tendon. Several studies have analyzed biomechanical factors to understand their influence...

...References References 1. Benjamin M, Ralphs J: Functional and developmental anatomy of tendons and ligaments. (eds) Gordon SL, Blair SJ, Fine LJ: Repetitive Motion Disorders of the Upper Extremity Rosemont/IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1995;185-203 2. Maffulli N, Khan KM...

... Abstract The biomechanical properties of, and mechanical environment surrounding, the rotator cuff continue to be a research area of great interest as injury and failure of these tendons are among the most common of shoulder pathologies, with incidence increasing in older populations. Recent...

... Abstract Tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps is a common cause of anterior shoulder pain. As such, the anatomy and function of the tendon as well as its pathophysiology and different treatment methods have been studied extensively. The pathophysiology is a spectrum beginning...

... Abstract The subscapularis muscle is the largest and strongest muscle of the rotator cuff. It plays an essential role in the stability and function of the shoulder. Tears of the subscapularis tendon are more frequent than previously estimated. The worldwide use of arthroscopy in rotator cuff...

... Abstract Repair of rotator cuff tears (RCT) is challenging. In RC tears, a partial (PTRCTs) or full (RCTs) discontinuation of one or more of the muscles or tendons and may occur as a result of traumatic injury or degeneration over a period of years. Many factors seem to contribute to the final...

...References References 1. Keating JF, Waterworth P, Shaw-Dunn J, Crossan J: The relative strengths of the rotator cuff muscles. A cadaver study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1993;75:137-140 2. Arai R, Sugaya H, Mochizuki T, Nimura A, Moriishi J, Akita K: Subscapularis tendon tear: an anatomic...

... repair utilizing margin convergence and interval slides, tendon transfers, arthrodesis, and arthroplasty. The rationale behind each of these options and more are discussed along with guidance for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy for individual patients. Outcomes of various treatment...

...References References 1. Ahrens PM, Boileau P: The long head of the biceps and associated tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007;89:1001-1009 2. Alpantaki K, McLaughlin D, Karagogeos D, Hadjipavlou A, Kontakis G: Sympathetic and sensory neural elements in the tendon of the long head...

... cuff tendons are subjected to complex tension loads. The rotator cuff is also subjected to compressive loads. Upwardly directed humeral load squeezes the cuff between the humeral head and the coracoacromial arch. Extrinsic factors have always been considered among causes of cuff tears. However...

... pathology. Genetic factors seem to be involved in symptom presentation and tear progression. As rotator cuff disease is multifactorial, no single gene is directly involved in the pathology. Phenotypic expression of genetic susceptibility manifests at the level of ultrastructure of the tendon. Predisposing...

...References References 1. Seida JC, LeBlanc C, Schouten JR, et al: Systematic review: non-operative and operative treatments for rotator cuff tears. Ann Intern Med 2010;15:246-255 2. Rees JD, Wilson AM, Wolman RL: Current concepts in the management of tendon disorders. Rheumatology (Oxford...