... in understanding the molecular basis of K ATP channel activity, as well as the role of these channels in physiology and disease. K ATP channels are generated from coassembly of Kir6.2 pore-forming subunits with sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) regulatory subunits. They are inhibited by intracellular ATP...

... Abstract The beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel plays a key role in regulating insulin secretion by linking glucose metabolism to cell excitability. The channel is a protein complex composed of four Kir6.2 inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunits and four sulfonylurea...

... Abstract ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels regulate the flux of K + ions across the cell membranes and couplecell metabolism to electrical activity. These channels are octameric complexes of 4 pore-forming Kirand 4 regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits. The K ATP channels...

... substrates in cytosol where it can phosphorylate substrates, including MARCKS (fig. 1 ). Fig. 1 Overview of G proteins, PI and adenylyl cyclase-cAMP signaling. R = Regulatory; C = catalytic. In the inactive state, the α subunit of G protein is bound to GDP and to βγ subunits. The binding of agonists...

... atoms inside the shell is called apoferritin. There are two types of subunits, the H-chain and the L-chain, 24 subunits of which form the heteropolymer ferritin, and this accounts for the heterogeneity of ferritin. The H subunit is responsible for redox reactions of ferritin, thereby controlling...

... correspond to its chemoreceptors for PTS carbohydrates, and several targeting subunits, which include in the low [G + C] Gram-positive bacteria an ancillary Ser/Thr-protein kinase. The PTS senses the presence of carbohydrates, in particular glucose, in the medium and the energy state of the cell, in the form...

... in the adrenal cortex. ACTH activates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway by binding to the melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R), a member of the G protein-coupled transmembrane receptor (GPCR) family. G proteins are composed of α-, β- and γ-subunits. The α-subunit activates adenylate cyclase, which stimulates...

... nAChR subunits that regulate dopamine and glutamate release mediate the aversive physical and negative affective signs of nicotine withdrawal (see also Mechanisms of Nicotine Dependence below). Fig. 1 The dopamine reward system. Projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus...

...References References 1. Aguilar-Bryan L Bryan J: Molecular biology of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. Endocr Rev 1999; 20: 101-135 2. Flanagan SE, et al: Update of mutations in the genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell K(ATP) channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11...