... Abstract Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity initiated by a microbial biofilm (or ‘dental plaque’). Subgingival biofilms in periodontal pockets are not easily analyzed without the loss of structural integrity. These subgingival plaques are structured communities...

... Abstract The human subgingival environment is a complex environmental niche where microorganisms from the three domains of life meet to form diverse biofilm communities that exist in close proximity to the host. Bacteria constitute the most abundant, diverse and ultimately well-studied...

... Abstract Dental biofilms can cause major oral diseases like gingivitis, periodontitis, and caries. Orthodontic appliances promote supra- and subgingival biofilm accumulation, alter the oral microbiome, and hamper oral hygiene. Orthodontic treatment can be associated with adverse effects...

... Abstract This chapter addresses the host responses to the microbial biofilm that constitutes the subgingival dental plaque. The host response to infection draws upon the innate, inflammatory and adaptive immune systems, whose role is to provide the appropriate response to the offending...

... to predict the in vivo efficiency of antimicrobials. Modifications and advancements led to a 10-species subgingival model often combined with human gingival epithelial cells, as an integral part of the oral innate immune system, eliciting various cell responses ranging from cytokine production to apoptosis...

... actinomycetemcomitans JP2 in a biofilm. J Oral Microbiol 2013;5:20320. 17. Coenye T, Nelis H: In vitro and in vivo model systems to study microbial biofilm formation. J Microbiol Methods 2010;83:89–105. 18. Ammann T: Advancement and structural analysis of a subgingival biofilm model system. PhD thesis...

... disease and the tools used to remove them (cause-effect therapy). Subgingival calculus has long been cited as the cause of periodontal disease. Periodontal therapy was thus logically focused on the removal of calculus with hand instruments (scaling). Abulcasis stated in the Al-Tasrif as early...

... subgingival environment induced by periodontal pocket reduction. J Clin Periodontol 1995;22:780–787. 22. Albander JM, Kingman A, Brown LJ, Löe H: Gingival inflammation and subgingival calculus as determinants of disease progression in early-onset periodontitis. J Clin Periodontal 1998;25:231–237. 23...

... Abstract The subgingival dental plaque is a microbial biofilm consisting of highly variable bacterial microcolonies embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance. In contrast to microorganisms growing in a planktonic state, the inhabitants of a biofilm...

... observations. J Clin Periodontol 1978;5:246-271 3. Kho P, Smale FC, Hardi JM: The effect of supragingival plaque control on the subgingival microflora. J Clin Periodontol 1985;12:676-686 4. Beltrami M, Bickel M, Baehni PC: The effect of supragingival plaque control on the composition of the subgingival...

... narrow interdental spaces. Despite the difficulties in handling, dental floss may have some advantage in subgingival cleaning. Data are present for gingivitis and periodontitis, but almost no information has been published on gingivally healthy individuals. With respect to interdental caries...

... Abstract The systemic administration of antibiotics in conjunction with mechanical biofilm disruption results in reduced numbers of subgingival periodontal pathogens and improved clinical outcomes. Penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, and nitroimidazoles were used in laboratory...

... chronic, biofilm-initiated inflammatory conditions with multifactorial origin including inherited and acquired risk factors. Preventive strategies focus on mechanisms, which may influence the amount and composition of the subgingival biofilm. Oral cancer is one of the most commonly found forms...

... cytometry for analyzing mixed microbial populations. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990;56:1919-1925 8. Paster BJ, Boches SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA, Sahasrabudhe A, Dewhirst FE: Bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque. J Bacteriol 2001;183:3770-3783 9. Dewhirst FE, Chen T, Izard...

... the subgingival biofilm. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35(8 Suppl):45–66. 5. Hagenfeld D, Koch R, Junemann S, Prior K, Harks I, Eickholz P, et al: Do we treat our patients or rather periodontal microbes with adjunctive antibiotics in periodontal therapy? A 16S rDNA microbial community analysis. PLoS One 2018;13...

...: Porphyromonas gingivalis , Treponema denticola , and Tannerella forsythia : the “red complex,” a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2005;38:72–122. 11. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, Smith C, Kent RL, JR: Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J...