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Book Chapter
Published: 17 December 2024
10.1159/000538198
EISBN: 978-3-318-07273-0
...Introduction Cerebrovascular diseases involving thrombosis or thromboembolism in children are well-recognized entities and can be divided in two main categories: arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT). Both conditions can affect all ages from newborns...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 199
Published: 17 December 2021
10.1159/000517698
EISBN: 978-3-318-06937-2
... Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with the full spectrum of cerebrovascular disease including ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, small vessel disease, and vascular cognitive impairment. Shared conventional vascular risk factors such as age, hypertension, and diabetes...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers in Diabetes
Volume: 27
Published: 18 June 2019
10.1159/000486435
EISBN: 978-3-318-06507-7
... was the second leading cause of mortality and third leading burden of disability-adjusted life-years [ 1 ]. Globally there were 6.5 million deaths from stroke, 25.7 million stroke survivors and an incidence of 10.3 million strokes in 2013. The literature indicates that the prevalence of stroke globally within...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 40
Published: 12 December 2016
10.1159/000448302
EISBN: 978-3-318-02759-4
... Abstract Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies, such as diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), perfusion weighted computed tomography (CT)/MRI, MR/CT angiography and Doppler ultrasonography allow us to determine the mechanisms of stroke and transient ischemic attack...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 40
Published: 12 December 2016
10.1159/000448303
EISBN: 978-3-318-02759-4
... Abstract The main mechanism of stroke in patients who have extracranial atherosclerosis is artery to artery embolism, occasionally associated with hemodynamic disturbances. Although these mechanisms are also important in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis, branch occlusion and in-situ...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 39
Published: 03 August 2016
10.1159/000445413
EISBN: 978-3-318-05865-9
... for the evaluation of outcomes and for the critical appraisal of findings. Summary: In stroke research, outcomes are mainly represented by composite end points focusing on the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in trials on primary and secondary prevention and by measures of recovery...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 34
Published: 23 April 2014
10.1159/000356438
EISBN: 978-3-318-02568-2
... following postmortem case studies confirmed the association between permanent amnesia and bitemporal stroke. Reports of transient memory deficits in unilateral stroke in combination with other neurological and neuropsychological deficits followed. With the advent of brain imaging, persistent or transient...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 33
Published: 14 October 2013
10.1159/000351914
EISBN: 978-3-318-02459-3
... Abstract Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is the most important risk factor for ischemic stroke. The risk is the highest in the first hours after symptom onset, and treatment must be initiated in emergency. In the acute phase, antithrombotic agent is probably the most important treatment...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 32
Published: 03 July 2013
10.1159/000346405
EISBN: 978-3-318-02309-1
... Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of disability. After initial stabilization, neurologic recovery takes place even in the acute phase. Well-known recovery mechanisms from stroke deficits are improvement from diaschisis, or functional reorganization of the ipsilesional or contralesional cortex...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 32
Published: 03 July 2013
10.1159/000346408
EISBN: 978-3-318-02309-1
... Abstract Stroke remains the most frequent cause of handicap in adult life and according to the WHO the second cause of death in the Western world. In the peracute phase, intravenous thrombolysis and in some cases endovascular therapy may induce early revascularization and hereby improve...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 32
Published: 03 July 2013
10.1159/000348821
EISBN: 978-3-318-02309-1
... Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability with early accelerated followed by gradual recovery during the first 6 months after the ictus. The most important mechanism concerning early recovery is thought to be brain plasticity provided by anatomical and functional reorganization...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 32
Published: 03 July 2013
10.1159/000346414
EISBN: 978-3-318-02309-1
... challenges before considering BMSC transplantation for patients with ischemic stroke. In this review, therefore, the authors discuss what should be clarified to establish cell transplantation therapy in the clinical setting and describe their scientific contributions in this matter. The BMSC have the ability...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 32
Published: 03 July 2013
10.1159/000346416
EISBN: 978-3-318-02309-1
... demonstrated that appropriate support of these stem cells, achieved by therapeutic angiogenesis, enhances neuroregeneration followed by neuronal functional recovery in an experimental stroke model. We also found that neural stem cells are mobilized in patients after stroke, as well as in animal models. Based...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 32
Published: 03 July 2013
10.1159/000346431
EISBN: 978-3-318-02309-1
... Abstract The neural mechanisms that support aphasia recovery are not yet fully understood. It has been argued that the functional reorganization of language networks after left-hemisphere stroke may engage perilesional left brain areas as well as homologous right-hemisphere regions...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 32
Published: 03 July 2013
10.1159/000346433
EISBN: 978-3-318-02309-1
... Abstract In recent years, efforts have focused on investigating the neurophysiological changes that occur in the brain after stroke, and on developing novel strategies such as additional brain stimulation to enhance sensorimotor and cognitive recovery. In the 1990s, repetitive transcranial...
Book Chapter
Series: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Volume: 32
Published: 03 July 2013
10.1159/000346424
EISBN: 978-3-318-02309-1
... Abstract In spite of appropriate treatment in the acute phase of stroke, quite a few patients with hemiparetic stroke become disabled and stay in a wheelchair or bedridden state in the chronic phase. In stroke patients, gait dysfunction results mainly from severe hemiparesis due to ischemic...