... Abstract Despite advances in dialysis technology, a high level of morbidity and mortality is still present in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. This has been in great part correlated with accumulation of uremic toxins that cannot be adequately removed by classic...

... Abstract Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathogenesis of VC is complex, resulting in increased arterial stiffening, which is associated with cardiovascular mortality. In addition...

... Abstract Background: With the growth in the global economy, the number of patients worldwide undergoing renal replacement therapy such as hemodialysis is increasing by 6–7% annually. Accordingly, medical costs for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progressing to end-stage renal...

... Abstract Vascular calcification is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, ESRD patients also have a number of nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular...

... Abstract Background: Advances in dialysis medicine have enabled end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to live longer. ESRD patients and their family members experience the illness in everyday life, and patients are required to manage their own disease to live longer. Psychological...

... Abstract Despite marked improvements in renal replacement therapy during the last 30 years, the age-adjusted mortality rate in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is still unacceptably high and comparable to that of many malignancies. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause...

... end-stage renal disease, the risk of suffering a cardiac event is uncomfortably and unacceptably high. Several pathophysiological pathways have been suggested to account for this, including endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, inflammation, left ventricular hypertrophy, troponins, phosphate, vitamin...

... Abstract Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the most important manifestations of end-stage kidneys' structural changes. ACKD is caused by kidney damage or scarring and it is characterized by the presence of small, multiple cortical and medullary cysts...

... Abstract In end-stage renal disease patients, various abnormalities of bone mineral metabolism adversely affect mortality. Hyperphosphatemia is known to adversely affect mortality and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients and has been shown to be involved not only in the onset...

... Abstract Approximately 5-10% of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), defined as a continued need for higher than 300 IU/kg/week doses of epoetin or a 1.5 mg/kg/week dose of darbepoetin. ESA hyporesponsiveness...

... in not only patients with CKD but also patients with end-stage kidney disease on dialysis, and these inhibitors' use is increasing. Numerous clinical trials have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors provide effective and consistent glycemic control with a good tolerability profile and without severe hypoglycemia...

... Abstract Vascular calcification is very common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and has been found to be associated with mineral and bone disorders. There are two types of vascular calcification: intimal and medial calcification. The transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells...

... Abstract Vascular surgical patients and especially those with end-stage renal disease are exposed to a high risk of preventable adverse events. Typically, a combination of organizational and technical deficiencies, human error or ineptitude and patient comorbidity leads to inadvertently poor...

... Abstract Objective: Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most important causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, pathological changes and treatment of FSGS differ in patients with and without a family history of the disease...

... Abstract The number of elderly patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) is growing and leads to challenges in deciding the proper modality of treatment for these patients. The majority of these patients will not be candidates for transplantation and thus, the choice is between medical...

... of bardoxolone methyl in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with stage 4 chronic kidney disease is underway. The safety of bardoxolone methyl has not been evaluated in patients with more advanced (stage 5) chronic kidney disease or patients on dialysis. This report describes a proposed double blind...

... Dekker, Inc., 2003;823-846 15. Pritchard JA: Deglutition by normal and anencephalic fetuses. Obstet Gynecol 1965;25:289-297 16. Schaffer JP: The lateral wall of the cayum nasi in man with special reference to the various developmental stages. J Morphol 1910;21:613-617 17. Liley AW: Disorders...

... Abstract Corneal dystrophies typically result in a gradual bilateral loss of vision in a primary ‘white eye’ – often in conjunction with epithelial defects in later stages. Treatment of corneal dystrophies needs to be stage-related. To ensure a stage-related therapeutic approach, an adequate...

... Abstract In spite of the developments in chemo- and radiotherapy, surgery remains the mainstay of curative treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In stage Ia/Ib (T1, T2, N0), NSCLC lobectomy offers the best chance for cure, yielding survival rates of between 58 and 76...