... Abstract Dietary <smlcap>l</smlcap>-citrulline malate supplements may increase levels of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, although this response has not been related to an improvement in athletic performance. NO plays an important role in many functions in the body regulating...

... Abstract <smlcap>L</smlcap>-Carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient and plays an important role in mitochondrial β-oxidation. As a dietary supplement for athletes, <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine has been investigated for its potential to enhance β-oxidation during...

... Abstract Recent studies suggest that alterations of the arginine metabolome and a dysregulation of nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. <smlcap>L</smlcap>-Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, is a common substrate for both the arginases...

... spatial resolution and faster imaging (one-stop procedure). Another tracer used for PET/CT is 18 FDG, particularly for high-grade tumors. Other more specific tracers are 18 F-<smlcap>L</smlcap>-DOPA, 11 C-<smlcap>L</smlcap>-DOPA and 11 C-5-hydroxytryptophan, which have...

.... Furthermore, patient comfort and effective dose are favorable for 68 Ga-SSA. Other PET targets like β-[ 11 C]-5-hydroxy-<smlcap>L</smlcap>-tryptophan ( 11 C-5-HTP) and 6- 18 F-<smlcap>L</smlcap>-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( 18 F-DOPA) were developed recently. For insulinomas, glucagon...

..., vitiligo, coeliac disease and type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes. Thyroid function at presentation may be variable, ranging from a transient hyperthyroid phase to frank hypothyroidism. Treatment with <smlcap>L</smlcap>-thyroxine should be started promptly in the presence of frank hypothyroidism...

.... Herein, we highlight the pertinent literature implicating inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of psychosis, and the potential contribution of N-methyl-<smlcap>D</smlcap>-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). We also emphasize the role of peripubertal social stress in psychosis...

... Abstract Gout is a common form of arthritis caused by the deposition of proinflammatory monosodium urate crystals in the setting of chronic hyperuricemia (serum urate concentration >7 mg/dl, or 0.42 m<smlcap>m</smlcap>). The risks of becoming hyperuricemic and developing gout...

... and first-episode psychosis patients, a study in UHR subjects revealed that PUFA induced a significantly greater reduction of symptoms and transition rate to psychosis than placebo maintained over 12 months. Second, based on the N-methyl-<smlcap>D</smlcap>-aspartate receptor hypoactivity model...

... through prior administration of <smlcap>D</smlcap>-cycloserine, cannabidiol, or oxytocin. Clinical Features Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by a marked, persistent and unreasonable fear of being observed or evaluated negatively by other people in social or performance...

... for the synthesis of the dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-<smlcap>L</smlcap>-histidine) in human muscle. The chronic daily ingestion of β-alanine can markedly elevate muscle carnosine content, which results in improved exercise capacity, especially in sports that include high-intensity exercise episodes...

... Abstract Carnosine is a dipeptide of β-alanine and <smlcap>L</smlcap>-histidine found in high concentrations in skeletal muscle. Combined with β-alanine, the pKa of the histidine imidazole ring is raised to ∼6.8, placing it within the muscle intracellular pH high-intensity exercise...

... such as N-methyl-<smlcap>D</smlcap>-aspartate receptor or α 7 -nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor. While the molecules in normal concentrations are essential to the normal glial-neuronal interaction, any changes that induce imbalance in the network between those molecules could disturb...