Search Results for small

...' or even ‘spastic colitis' applied. As these terms imply, the focus in the early days of the investigation of the pathophysiology of IBS was on the colon and on the left colon, in particular. Subsequently, as advances in manometric technology permitted reliable recordings of motor activity from the small...

... Small for gestational age Fetal growth restriction Intrauterine growth retardation Catch-up growth Programming Key Messages Small for gestational age (SGA) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) increase the risk of morbidity and mortality both in the neonatal period...

... Abstract Being born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as a birth weight and/or length below –2 SDS, has several consequences. Short-term consequences include a higher mortality, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia. In the long term, being born SGA is associated with persistent short stature...

... weight for the child's gestational age using less than the 10th centile of a reference population for fetal growth as the threshold for being called small for gestational age (SGA). We estimate that in 2010 32.4 million babies were born SGA in low- and middle-income countries, constituting 27% of all...

... Abstract Approximately 32.4 million small for gestational age (SGA) babies and 13.7 million preterm babies are born annually in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), of whom 2.8 million are both SGA and preterm. These newborns who are born too small and/or too soon not only experience...

... infants born too soon or too small, and to better target interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with these conditions. Understanding the mortality patterns and burden of preterm or small for gestational age (SGA) is important for designing programs to prevent these outcomes and improve...

... Abstract The intestinal mucosa is the largest body surface exposed to the environment. While there are common features when comparing immune responses along the intestinal mucosa, the small bowel and colon exhibit striking differences in their mechanisms driving immune regulation. The vitamin...

... Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, decrease mucosal prostaglandin (PG) E 2 content by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and cause damage in the small intestine. The development of these lesions required the inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2...

... Abstract In humans, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause mucosal damage in the small intestine as well as in the stomach and duodenum. Gastric and duodenal lesions caused by NSAIDs can be effectively treated with antisecretory agents; however, there are few effective agents...

... Abstract Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and dyslipidemia plays an important role in its pathogenesis. In particular, small, dense LDL (sd-LDL) particles have been recently highlighted...

... killing have indicated that small-molecule elastase inhibitors do not interfere with neutrophil killing of Gram-positive bacteria although similar data with Gram-negative bacteria are not available ( 15 ). However, on this basis, inhibition of intracellular NE may not be the preferred therapeutic approach...

... to regulate eosinophilic inflammation, mucus secretion and airway hyperresponsiveness ( 16 , 17 ). Pharmacology The most recently described small-molecule inhibitors of TGF-ßRI are summarized in Table 1. (See Yingling et al. [ 18 ] for a recent review on the structural properties of TGF-ßRI kinase...

... strategies for early interventions aimed at decreasing the diseases risk throughout life. Over the last 15 years, after the first observation of Barker et al. [ 1 ] in an adult population cohort, a number of long-term health risks for subjects born small for gestational age (SGA) have been identified...

... periods of nutritional deprivation may have significant effects. Recent advances have led to an improvement in early growth but very low birthweight infants remain small for gestational age at hospital discharge. Studies suggest that a ‘window of opportunity’ exists after hospital discharge...