... extension temporal to the insertion of the optic nerve. d Lymphoid infiltrate in fibroadipose tissue composed of small lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm. H&E. ×40. Reproduced with permission from Dhoot and Singh [ 34 ]. Diagnostic Evaluation Magnetic resonance imaging is important...

.... Damato B: Ocular Tumours: Diagnosis and Treatment. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000. 3. Singh AD, Damato B (eds): Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology: Basic Principles and Diagnostic Techniques, ed 2. Heidelberg, Springer, 2014. 4. Trichopoulos N, Damato BE: Examination techniques; in Singh AD...

... 1988;45:575-578. 6. Lisch K: Ueber Beteiligung der Augen, insbesondere das Vorkommen von Irisknotchen bei der Neurofibromatose (Recklinghausen). Z Augenheilkd 1937;93:137-143. 7. Singh AD: Karl Lisch, MD: remembered. July 24, 1907 - February 5, 1999. Ophthalmic Genet 2000;21:129-131. 8. Lewis...

... is merely a guide that can be modified based upon the clinical setting (fig. 2 ). Fig. 2 Stepwise evaluation of retinoblastoma. This approach is merely a guide that can be modified as needed based upon the clinical setting. Reproduced with permission from Marr and Singh [ 20 ]. History...

...), focal modalities (cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, and brachytherapy) and local therapies (external radiation therapy and enucleation). Once a clinical diagnosis is established based upon various examination techniques [see chapter by Singh, this vol., pp. 91-99], the next step...

... Complications' by Medina Mendez and Singh and ‘Radiation Therapy: Posterior Segment Complications' by Seregard et al., this vol.]. Table 3 Normal tissue tolerance dose to external beam radiation (cGy) Teletherapy Techniques Simulation and Treatment Planning Prior to initiation...

.... References References 1. Khan FM: Brachytherapy; in Khan FM (ed): The Physics of Radiation Therapy, ed 3. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003, pp 357-400. 2. Seregard S, Damato B, Fleming P: Uveal malignant melanoma: management options - brachytherapy; in Singh AD, Damato...

... of radiation ( f ). Reproduced with permission from Grant LW, Anderson C, Macklis RM, Singh AD: Low dose irradiation for diffuse choroidal hemangioma. Ophthal Genet 2008;29:186-188. Prognosis Sturge-Weber syndrome with its neural involvement can cause intractable seizures, developmental delay...

... in malignant melanoma of the eyelid skin. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;16:250-257. 18. Pe'er J, Frucht-Pery J: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia; in Singh AD, Damato BE, Pe'er J, Murphree AL, Perry JD (eds): Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology. Philadelphia, Saunders-Elsevier, 2007. 19. Hsu A, Frank SJ...

.... Radiation fields should include the following parts of the orbit: lacrimal fossa, orbital apex, superior orbital fissure, anterior cavernous sinus, and superolateral soft tissues [ 14 ]. References References 1. Taban M, Perry JD: Classification of orbital tumors; in Singh AD, Damato BE, Pe'er J, et...

...-659. 4. Taban M, Taban M, Bolling J, Singh AD: Ocular complications of radiotherapy; in Singh AD, Damato BE, Pe'er J, Murphree AL, Perry JD (eds): Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology, ed 1. Philadelphia, Saunders-Elsevier, 2007, pp 45-49. 5. Finger PT: Radiation therapy for choroidal melanoma. Surv...

... melanoma. Photographic and angiographic abnormalities: the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study: COMS report No. 30. Ophthalmology 2009;116:106-115. 5. Shields CL, Shields JA, Cater J, Othmane I, Singh AD, Micaily B: Plaque radiotherapy for retinoblastoma. Long-term control and treatment complications...

.... Ophthalmic Surg 1984;15:34-40 30. Char DH: Intraocular biopsy. (eds) Singh AD, Damato BE, Pe’er J, Murphree AL, Perry JD: Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology Philadelphia, Saunders-Elsevier, 2007;334-340 31. Fastenberg DM, Finger PT, Chess Q, Koizumi JH, Packer S: Vitrectomy retinotomy aspiration biopsy...

..., Jayamohan J, Yip D, Conway RM: Management of metastatic carcinoma of the uveal tract: an evidence-based analysis. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2007;35:553-565 18. Baker S, Singh A, Tubbs R, Biscotti C: Uveal melanoma: an analysis of cellular features and comparison to monosomy 3 status. Cancer Cytopathol...

...:253-257 12. Stacy RC, Jakobiec FA, Schoenfield L, Singh AD: Unifocal and multifocal reactive lymphoid hyperplasia vs follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Am J Ophthalmol 2010;150:412-426 13. Ahn ES, Singh AD, Smith SD: Mantle cell lymphoma with uveal metastasis. Leuk Lymphoma 2010;51:1354...

.... Ophthalmology 1996;103:251-255 6. Shields JA, Shields CL, De Potter P, Singh AD: Diagnosis and treatment of uveal melanoma. Semin Oncol 1996;23:763-767 7. Callender G: Malignant melanocytic tumors of the eye: a study of histologic types in 111 cases. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1931;36:131-142...

... of uveal melanoma cells. Papanicolaou stain. Fig. 3. Lymphocytes infiltrate a cluster of uveal melanoma cells. Papanicolaou stain. Karyotype of a uveal melanoma showing loss of chromosome 3 and isochromosome 8q (arrows). Reproduced with permission from Singh et al...

... vitrector. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1028-1031 7. Char DH: Intraocular biopsy. (eds) Singh AD, Damato BE, Pe’er J, Murphree AL, Perry JD: Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology Philadelphia, Saunders-Elsevier, 2007;334-340 8. Shields JA, Shields CL, Ehya H, Eagle RC, Jr, De Potter P: Fine-needle aspiration...