Search Results for sex

... Abstract People with disorders of sex development (DSD) may have impaired sex steroid production or their gonads removed before, during or after adolescence, thus requiring hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to induce puberty and/or maintain secondary sexual characteristics, to optimize bone...

... and erythropoiesis in both sexes. In this chapter, we discuss preclinical and clinical data on sex-specific androgen metabolism and androgen effect on body composition. Introduction Androgens encompass several steroid hormones that may be de novo secreted by gonads and adrenal glands or produced in different...

... Abstract The sudomotor mechanism, wich contributes to tolerating thermal environments, is affected by not only the body temperature, but also sex, ethnicity, exercise training, region, season, and heat adaptation. Aging attenuates the sudomotor function by the decreased peripheral sensitivity...

... hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Treatment of isolated CDGP involves expectant observation or short courses of low-dose sex steroid supplementation. More complex and involved management is required in males with hypogonadism to achieve both development of secondary sexual...

... Abstract The overall goal of pubertal sex hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in girls is not only about development of secondary sexual characteristics, but also to establish an adult endocrine and metabolic milieu, as well as adult cognitive function. Estradiol (E 2 ) is the first choice...

... Abstract Although women live longer lives than men, they tend to have poorer health status. Here, we review the biological and socio-behavioral factors that may contribute to this sex-frailty paradox. The conceptual framework that frailty is a product of the environment and the recovery rate...

... Abstract Advances in sequencing technologies are having a major impact on our understanding of the genetic causes of many human congenital disorders. Next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches are particularly important for determining the inherited genetic changes leading to disorders of sex...

... Abstract Fertility potential is one of the issues that should be considered by the multidisciplinary team when addressing gender assignment, surgical management, the process of disclosure to patients and their families, and prospective long-term outcomes of individuals with disorders of sex...

... Abstract The 2006 Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders describes peer support as integral to a comprehensive model of care for disorders of sex development (DSD). Affected adults and families look to peer support groups (PSG) for informational, emotional and social support...

... Abstract When a human being born with any disorder/difference of sex development (DSD) reaches adulthood, the experience lived may be quite varied, depending partly on the age at diagnosis, the underlying cause, physical and health involvement, family circle, health system care received...

... Abstract Patients with defects in the steroid biosynthesis and resulting disorders of sex development are the largest group among patients with such disorders. Many of these patients suffer from adrenal insufficiency and have to take either glucocorticoids or a combination of glucocorticoid...

... Abstract The risk of malignant transformation of germ cells, leading to germ cell cancer (GCC) in patients with disorders of sex development, is highly heterogeneous and dependent on a number of parameters, of which the presence of Y-chromosomal material is essential. This chapter describes...

... Abstract The risk of germ cell cancer (GCC) is elevated in many disorders of sex development (DSD) patients, although not to the same extent. A number of risk factors have been identified recently, but their interplay and relative impact is currently not fully clear. This paper offers guidance...

... a disorder of sex development (DSD) diagnoses. Until such data exist, it seems prudent to continue to advocate for early and accurate diagnosis for patients with severe hypospadias to determine if they should be classified as a DSD. At that time, based on expert opinion, we would advocate early...

... Abstract The role of feminising surgery in disorders of sex development (DSD) has been a topic of intense discussion for many years. The controversy mainly focuses on the timing of surgery: early (in childhood) or delayed (in adolescence), with clinicians divided in opinion. This conflict...

... Abstract In cases of severe penile inadequacy, such as in pathological conditions involving penile amputation (e.g. penile cancer), or in 46,XY disorders of sex development with severe undervirilization or maldevelopment of the penis (e.g. idiopathic micropenis, cloacal exstrophy), standard...

... Abstract The past 20 years have seen proliferation of electronic (e) resources that promote improved understanding of disorders of sex development (DSD): e-learning for physicians and trainees, e-consultation between clinicians, and e-information for families and affected individuals. Recent e...

... Abstract Differences or disorders of sex development (DSD) are a wide range of relatively rare conditions with diverse pathophysiology that most often present in the newborn or the adolescent. Given their rarity and the need for input from a range of clinical disciplines, the management...