... Abstract In developed nations, the common presenting features of intraocular retinoblastoma are leukocoria and strabismus. Abnormal pupil reflex is also frequently observed in several pediatric ocular conditions, including cataracts, and it is important to clinically differentiate...

... Abstract Over the past few years, there has been increasing interest in local or regional delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in an attempt to reduce the morbidity of less selective modalities. In this chapter, we summarize current management approaches for intraocular retinoblastoma...

... Abstract 27 surgical specimens of retinoblastoma were transplanted into the anterior chamber of athymic nude mice (BALB/cA nu/nu), and 8 of them proliferated progressively filling the eyes. Among 7 specimens originally showing the rosette type, 1 case exhibited a typical Flexner-Wintersteiner...

...References References 1. Linn Murphree A: Intraocular retinoblastoma: the case for a new group classification. Ophthalmol Clin N Am 2005;18:41-53. 2. Chung CY, Medina CA, Aziz HA, et al: Retinoblastoma: evidence for stage-based chemotherapy. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2015;55:63-75. 3...

...References References 1. Kupfer C: Retinoblastoma treated with intravenous nitrogen mustard. Am J Ophthalmol 1953;36:1721. 2. Finger PT, Czechonska G, Demirci H, et al: Chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: a current topic. Drugs 1999;58:983-996. 3. Shields JA, Shields CL: Management...

...References References 1. Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, et al: Presenting signs of retinoblastoma. J Pediatr 1998;132:505-508. 2. Maki JL, Marr BP, Abramson DH: Diagnosis of retinoblastoma: how good are referring physicians? Ophthalmic Genet 2009;30:199-205. 3. Gallie BL, Ellsworth...

... to yield best possible outcomes. Due to space limitations, this chapter will focus on CRD and intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. Chemotherapy for intraocular malignancies has evolved since 1953, when nitrogen mustard was first used to treat retinoblastoma [ 1 ]. Due to space...

...References References 1. Yu CL, Tucker MA, Abramson DH, et al: Cause-specific mortality in long-term survivors of retinoblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:581-591. 2. Rodriguez-Galindo C, Chantada GL, Haik BG, Wilson MW: Treatment of retinoblastoma: current status and future...

... Abstract The major retinal tumor that requires radiotherapy (RT) is retinoblastoma (RB); to a lesser degree, RT is used for some cases of retinal capillary hemangioma and lymphoma of the retina. Although there are concerns about the risk of RT-induced second malignancy in patients who carry...

... an opinion by an expert ocular oncologist have been obtained. In this chapter, we review such specific indications that may warrant FNAB of frequently encountered retinal tumors. Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood [ 3 ]. The diagnosis is usually made...

... and becomes a research model. Eur J Cancer 2016;52:92-101. 30. Azary S, et al: Sporadic retinoblastoma and parental smoking and alcohol consumption before and after conception: a report from the children's oncology group. PLoS One 2016;11:e0151728. 31. Biswas J, et al: Retinoblastoma in adults. Report...

... intraocular malignant disease: a review. Acta Ophthalmol 2009;87:588-601 3. Char DH, Miller TR: Fine needle biopsy in retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol 1984;97:686-690 4. Karcioglu ZA: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for retinoblastoma. Retina 2002;22:707-710 5. Coman DR: Adhesiveness...