... ]. Complications Associated with the Drug Delivery Route Intraoperative complications such as iatrogenic damage of the retina and lens are occasionally observed. We determined the incidence of these rare events in a retrospective survey including >32,000 injections. Three cases of iatrogenic lens damage...

... Abstract Local drug delivery to the posterior segment, particularly the macula, represents a significant challenge. In this chapter, we review current challenges, barriers and limitations. Due to the local drug delivery to the retina and macula, systemic side effects are limited...

... Abstract Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique providing high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina, optic nerve and the anterior segment. OCT examination reveals to be instrumental in the diagnostic process and management of several medical...

... Abstract Objectives: The authors describe the clinical applications, at inner retina level, of a new imaging approach: ‘en face' spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the retinal surface before and after epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM...

... photoreceptors since the retina is an integral part of the CNS. Unlike members of the omega-6 FAs (e.g. arachidonic acid), which are present in all parts of the body, DHA is selectively taken up by the CNS and is needed for a variety of functions, including memory and vision. DHA is concentrated and retained...

... of retinal diseases and allowed close monitoring of changes in the retina. All these non-invasive procedures can, finally, be combined making multimodal imaging of the retina an extremely promising tool to improve our understanding of retinal disease. Analyzing and comparing images from the human eye...

... Abstract Retinal pericytes are enigmatic cells. The lack of a pan-pericyte marker and the diversity of possible origins suggest that there is not one pericy te population recruited to the retina. The important functions of pericytes related to the specific demands of the retina are the control...

... to vascular abnormalities and neuronal dysfunction in the diabetic retina. Activated microglial cells and astrocytes contribute to neuronal apoptosis. Reactive astrocytes and Müller cells are implicated in the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and in neovascularization. Furthermore, glial cells...

... Abstract Regardless of the debate regarding moral issues of using stem cells in research, they are unequivocally useful for understanding pathological angiogenesis, particularly so in the retina. Some important stem cell concepts include a niche , as well as the ideas of self-renewal...

... segments and synaptic terminals, photoreceptor cell death, structural remodelling of second-order and third-order retinal neurons, proliferation of all non-neuronal cell types within the retina and Müller cell hypertrophy leading to glial scar formation. Each of these stages are considered in turn...