Search Results for respiratory

... Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes infection throughout life, with infants, adults who are severely immunocompromised, and the elderly at special risk of developing lower respiratory tract disease, hospitalisation, and death. The burden of severe disease in the elderly...

... Abstract Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) has been defined as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-triggered hypersensitivity, non-allergic bronchial asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps. The underlying pathophysiology of AERD is not completely...

... Abstract Respiratory disorders are among the most frequent causes of death and severe disability from the steadily worsening global pandemic of smoking tobacco. Two disorders stand out: lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). First, lung cancer caused 1.59 million deaths...

... on cardiovascular diseases (for respiratory diseases, see chapter 7). The cardiovascular system is particularly sensitive to the effects of tobacco smoke. Within minutes of exposure, the effects of smoking on blood vessels become manifest and grow over time. In addition to causing cancer in the respiratory tract...

... Abstract Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are frequently detected in a variety of lesions in the oral mucosa and upper respiratory tract. The pathogenesis in these areas is not as clearly elucidated as in other anatomical regions, but most experts agree that HPVs are responsible for the commonly...

... of a gastrointestinal-airway axis, and that the GI microbiome may modulate respiratory health status, comes from studies of feeding probiotics to patients with chronic airway disease. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amount, confer a health benefit on the host (FAO 2001...

... be effective in the prevention or treatment of respiratory infections. Trials have been performed in general populations of infants and children and in populations at increased risk of respiratory infections, such as those in day care centers, schools, or hospitals, and evidence of a reduced rate of infections...

... Abstract Prolonged and high-intensity exercise affects immune function and leads to an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in endurance athletes. The increased incidence of URTI symptoms may negatively affect athletic performance. Various nutritional supplements have...

... Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are among the most frequent etiologies for admission to the intensive care unit. These patients are at a high risk of malnutrition due to hypercatabolism caused by inflammation, drugs, and de-conditioning. Nutrition...

... Abstract Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, caused by the human papilloma virus, is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx in children. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is relatively rare, but it can have a significant impact on afflicted children and their family’s...

... Abstract Mucosal vaccine has been considered a promising strategy to prevent upper respiratory infections. As the immunization routes to induce mucosal immune responses, oral, intranasal, and sublingual immunizations are proposed for clinical application. Recently, it has been reported...

... Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) primarily infects upper respiratory tract cells, mainly nasal epithelial cells. The tight junctions of nasal epithelial cells are thought to perform important innate immune function against foreign materials including respiratory viruses. We...