Search Results for resistance

... Abstract Hyperandrogenism with or without polycystic ovary syndrome can be sustained by an extreme form of insulin resistance (IR), and is thus a secondary form of hyperandrogenism, which may be due to a defect in insulin signal transduction or in the adipose tissue. Severe IR due to adipose...

... hurdle. Here we give an overview of the different entities of the tumor microenvironment and present their role in radiation resistance. Dynamic changes in response to irradiation will be outlined, and relevant approaches to target critical elements of the tumor microenvironment will be discussed. We...

... Abstract Obesity is strongly associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and dyslipidaemia. The opposite perturbation, namely absence or paucity of adipose tissue in lipodystrophy, leads to the same spectrum of disorders, often in an exaggerated form. The two...

... and small testes. An association between KS and type 2 diabetes has long been recognized, but the pathogenesis is still unknown. If both hypogonadism and visceral obesity play a role in the development of insulin resistance in men, KS offers an interesting window into this relationship. Indeed, in addition...

..., and HIV. The risk of infection depends on the following triad: microbial pathogen and its aggressiveness, individual resistance of the tattooed, and inoculation and exposures by the tattoo needle and in the tattoo parlor. Some infectious risks can be controlled. Persons with weaknesses can refrain from...

... Abstract Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) or thyroid hormone action defect (THAD) is the most frequent form of syndromes of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone. It is characterized by variable tissue hyposensitivity to thyroid hormone. RTHβ (formerly only RTH) is caused by mutations...

... deficiency was rare. Higher circulating concentrations of homocysteine predicted smaller baby size. Follow-up studies revealed that higher maternal folate in pregnancy predicted higher adiposity and insulin resistance in the child at 6 years of age, and that low maternal vitamin B 12 exaggerated the risk...

...-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), and abnormal serum TH levels. AHDS thus represents a type of TH resistance caused by a defect in cellular TH transport. The normal thyroid produces predominantly the prohormone thyroxine (3,3’, 5,5'-tetraiodothyronine, T4) and only a small amount of the active hormone 3,3...

... Abstract End-organ resistance to the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is defined as pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP). Described originally by Fuller Albright and his colleagues in early 1940s, this rare genetic disease is subclassified into two types according to the nephrogenous response...

... characteristics of an internal/terminal exon and possesses stop codons triggering non-sense-mediated mRNA decay in LHCGR. When exon 6A is utilized, it results in a truncated LHCGR protein of only 209 amino acids that remains trapped intracellularly[ 2 ]. LH Resistance in Genetic Males Several homozygous...

... to reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity or resistance. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms that modulate glucocorticoid sensitivity and resistance with a focus on GR-mediated signaling. Glucocorticoids are a class of stress-induced steroid hormones synthesized by the adrenal...

... Abstract ACTH resistance is a rare disorder typified by familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD), a genetically heterogeneous disease. Previously, genetic defects in FGD have been identified in the ACTH receptor gene (MC2R) , its accessory protein (MRAP) and the steroidogenic acute...

... Abstract Familial or sporadic primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance or Chrousos syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by generalized, partial, target-tissue insensitivity to glucocorticoids and a consequent hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis...

... resistance, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. Adipose tissue samples from affected patients revealed remarkably similar features to those previously observed in samples from obese insulin resistant patients, namely macrophage infiltration and fibrosis. Cellular mechanistic studies suggest...