... Abstract Cell-cell communication in bacteria, called quorum sensing, relies on production, release, and detection of signaling molecules, termed autoinducers. Communication enables populations of cells to synchronize gene expression and therefore behave as a group in a manner akin to cells...

... composition, inhibitors of quorum-sensing molecules, or interfering with matrix constituents. Biofilm: A Major Form of Microorganism Living The term bacterium suggests a free-floating microorganism. Medical microbiology nearly always analyses dispersed single bacteria growing on agar plates or within...

... on the role of bitter and sweet taste receptors in human airway innate immunity and their clinical relevance to rhinosinusitis. The bitter taste receptor T2R38 expressed in sinonasal cilia detects bitter bacterial quorum-sensing molecules and activates a nitric oxide-dependent innate immune response; moreover...

... of iron acquisition, bacterial secretion systems, quorum sensing, and biofilm formation is also reviewed. Through multiple genetic mechanisms leading to phase variation, Gram-negative bacteria can adapt to changing host and environmental conditions and selective pressures. Further, the antimicrobial...

... describing many two-component and quorum-sensing systems, focusing on the information that one needs to know in order to use them for engineering applications. ...

... of microbial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix (EPS), a three-dimensional structure composed of water, exopolysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Bacterial organisms within the bio-film use an intercellular communication system based on the secretion of small signaling molecules (quorum sensing...

..., pathophysiology, and implications for clinicians. Surg Infect 2014;15:1–7. 4. Flemming HC, Wingender J, Szewzyk U, Steinberg P, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S: Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 2016;14:563–575. 5. Solano C, Echeverz M, Lasa I: Biofilm dispersion and quorum sensing...

... and polymicrobial sepsis. Science 2010;328:1290-1294 66. Singh PK, Schaefer AL, Parsek MR, Moninger TO, Welsh MJ, Greenberg EP: Quorum-sensing signals indicate that cystic fibrosis lungs are infected with bacterial biofilms. Nature 2000;407:762-764 67. Benn M, Hagelskjaer LH, Tvede M: Infective endocarditis...

... cilia of human airway epithelia are chemosensory. Science 2009;325:1131-1134. 43. Lee RJ, et al: Mouse nasal epithelial innate immune responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecules require taste signaling components. Innate Immun 2014;20:606-617. 44. Lee RJ, et al: T2R38 taste...

... a functional enterobactin biosynthesis and uptake system. Infect Immun 2002;70:5913-5923. 17. Bearson BL, Bearson SM: The role of the QseC quorum-sensing sensor kinase in colonization and norepinephrine-enhanced motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microb Pathog 2008;44:271-278. 18...

.... This is now understood to be one of the triggers causing bacteria to switch from their usual, ‘planktonic’ mode of growth to a chronic, biofilm-based system. Bacteria regulate gene expression in response to population density through a mechanism termed ‘quorum sensing’. Cell-to-cell communication via auto...

... A 2008;105:13532-13537 65. Puneet P, Yap CT, Wong L, et al: SphK1 regulates proinflammatory responses associated with endotoxin and polymicrobial sepsis. Science 2010;328:1290-1294 66. Singh PK, Schaefer AL, Parsek MR, Moninger TO, Welsh MJ, Greenberg EP: Quorum-sensing signals indicate that cystic...

... 2002;109:317-325 25. Fuqua C, Greenberg EP: Listening in on bacteria: acyl-homoserine lactone signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2002;3:685-695 26. Miller MB, Bassler BL: Quorum sensing in bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 2001;55:165-199 27. Gutierrez JP, Grimwood K, Armstrong DS, Carlin JB, Carzino...

... and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The biofilms are highly complex, with microcolonies of bacterial cells, EPS matrix, cell communication, exchange of genes, quorum sensing, predation, and competition representing an ecological community that differs from one unit to another. Each unit has its own “inner...

... cycle arrest markers for acute kidney injury in the rat during sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016;4:12. 11. Gupta RK, Chhibber S, Harjai K: Quorum sensing signal molecules cause renal tissue inflammation through local cytokine responses in experimental UTI caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

.... Bearson BL, Bearson SM: The role of the QseC quorum-sensing sensor kinase in colonization and norepinephrine-enhanced motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microb Pathog 2008;44:271-278. 18. Thomas CM, Hong T, van Pijkeren JP, Hemarajata P, Trinh DV, Hu W, Britton RA, Kalkum M...

... is mediated by microbially derived metabolites which interact with enteroendocrine cells, enterochromaffin cells (ECs), the mucosal immune system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the vagus nerve (Fig.  1 ). Bacteria communicate with each other using quorum sensing [ 24 ], which is defined...

... by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that can directly interact with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) on immune cells, kidney resident TECs and endothelial cells. Other highly pathogenic PAMPs include porins, mannose-containing glycoproteins, lipoteichoic acid, flagellin, double-strain RNA and quorum sensing molecules. All...