..., whereby the sequence and spread can be monitored. It is optimal to describe such changes using thin undecalcified tooth sections as an overview can be given of both enamel demineralization and pulp-dentine reactions. Also, an optimal understanding is achieved if the clinical status of carious lesion...

... Abstract When dental caries or erosive tooth wear lesions progress into dentin, the speed of their progression into the pulp will be modulated in part by the physiology of the dentin-pulp complex. In some individuals, this physiology allows for a quicker progression of the lesions. Research...

... conditions, such as the presence of fermentable dietary sugars and the absence of oxygen. Based on these conditions, the necrotic and/or contaminated zone fulfils all criteria for disease progression and has to be removed. For those deep lesions where the pulp vitality is not affected, a selective removal...

... evaluation of pulp inflammation creates dilemmas in treating the deep lesions. Also, a global consensus is lacking for the definition of a so-called deep lesion. Finally, an optimal evidence goal for choosing the best approach for deep lesion treatment in adults has still not been fully defined. Taken...

... dentine. This means removal to hard dentine around the periphery, to firm dentine centrally for optimising restoration longevity and allowing a tight cavity seal. For deep lesions in teeth with vital pulps (without irreversible pulpitis), maintaining pulp vitality is critical. Dental practitioners should...

... or moderately deep lesions, while for deep lesions (extending close to the pulp) in teeth with vital pulps, selective removal to soft dentine is recommended to avoid pulpal exposure and to preserve the health of the pulp. Leaving soft carious dentine beneath a restoration does, however, raise certain issues...

... and for removing carious tissue. The amount of carious tissue that should be removed depends mainly on the cavity depth. In cavities of shallow and medium depth, carious tissue is removed up to firm dentine. In deep/very deep cavities, in which there is no sign of pulp exposure, pulp inflammation and/or history...

... and the qualitative defect of hypomineralization. DDDs are less prevalent than DDEs, with two major DDD types: dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentine dysplasia. The main features of the DDDs are enamel fracture exposing the dentine and subsequent wear, with enlarged pulp spaces in some variants. The appearance may...

... as Blaschko’s lines. Hairs in this process achieve their final distribution and inclination relative to the skin surface, known as Voigt’s hairstreams and whorls . The dermatoglyphic lines and whorls of finger pulps share features with the two linearities explained by outer skin gliding. The fibre network...

... adequate biofilm control, there are other indications for restorative treatment, which are summarized below: Impossibility of performing adequate plaque control. Proximity to the pulp-dentin complex: patient reports sensitivity to sweets, cold, or heat; risk of irreversible pulpal involvement...

.... Jiang H-W, Zhang W, Ren B-P, Zeng J-F, Ling J-Q: Expression of toll like receptor 4 in normal human odontoblasts and dental pulp tissue. J Endod 2006;32:747-751. 24. Veerayutthwilai O, Byers MR, Pham TT, Darveau RP, Dale BA: Differential regulation of immune responses by odontoblasts. Mol Oral...

... Abstract When dental caries or erosive tooth wear lesions progress into dentin, the speed of their progression into the pulp will be modulated in part by the quality of the dentin physiology of the tooth. Some individuals may have dentin that allows for quicker progression of lesions...

... present the histological changes to the dentin and pulp, occurring physiologically or in response to caries lesions. We focus on the histological features specific to RC lesions, discussing the assessment of lesion activity. The physiological changes occurring to the dentin and pulp are the formation...

... and microbiological effect of calcium hydroxide protection in indirect pulp capping in primary teeth. Am J Dent. 2006;19(6):382–6. 39. Wambier DS, dos Santos FA, Guedes-Pinto AC, Jaeger RG, Simionato MR. Ultrastructural and microbiological analysis of the dentin layers affected by caries lesions in primary molars...

... and clinical management. Oper Dent 2002;27:211-217. 5. Mejare IA, Axelsson S, Davidson T, Frisk F, Hakeberg M, Kvist T, Norlund A, Petersson A, Portenier I, Sandberg H, Tranaeus S, Bergenholtz G: Diagnosis of the condition of the dental pulp: a systematic review. Int Endod J 2012;45:597-613. 6...