..., Herndon et al. [ 14 ] argue, because it ignores perhaps more potent ozone destroyers – particularly the coal fly ash routinely sprayed into the atmosphere in a misguided attempt to compensate for the reduction of the planet’s protective ozone layer caused by global warming. While UVA works indirectly...

... Abstract Skin protection products and gloves are essential constituents of personal protectiveequipment at workplaces, which can be used in a complementary way, each offering particularbenefits and disadvantages. In many workplace situations, both measures are being used eitherin an alternating...

... Abstract Since time immemorial, people protected themselves from solar radiation. Limiting time in the sun by seeking shade or wearing clothing was a matter of course. In the early 20th century, tanned skin – a result of exposure to sunlight – was associated with good health. At the same time...

... Abstract In 1978, the FDA Advisory Panel proposed both indoor and natural sunlight SPF testing methods but reverted to indoor testing only in 1993. Today’s sunscreen sun protection and broad-spectrum claims are based on mandated clinical tests using solar simulators and in vitro...

... Abstract Since the beginning of the development of sunscreen products, efforts have been made to measure and quantify the protection performance of such products. Early on an in vivo method was established that allowed statements on the sun protection performance in humans. Later...

... (clear use instructions, non-misleading information to consumers). The article presents the history of the EU Cosmetics Regulation, its main requirements, where applicable, and specific considerations relating to sunscreens are highlighted and explained. Introduction: Is Sun Protection a Cosmetic...

... Abstract There is enough evidence that skin cancer can be prevented by an adequate usage of primary prevention measures. However, when examining people’s real-life sun protection behaviour, it was often found to be insufficient. On the one hand, some people seem unaware about their risk...

... on photoageing observed a significant reduction in the sunscreen groups. The 2 studies on basal cell carcinoma reported no significant results, but both studies reported some non-significant protective effects of sunscreen use. Sunscreens as well as vehicles sometimes had side effects affecting skin and eyes...

... is a mechanically, chemically, biologically and immunologically active barrier submitted to continuous turnover. The barrier function of the skin needs to be protected and restored. Its own physiology allows its recovery, but many times this is not sufficient. This chapter is focused on the standards to restore...

... assessment of the chemicals used, and non-harmonised or missing hygiene and purity requirements, among other factors. There is a general consensus among all active stakeholders that EU harmonised rules would help to ensure a consistent high level of protection of consumers across the EU. Background...

... protecting cells from DNA damage. Recent studies have clearly shown that the genes encoding nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor-2) and keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) play an important role in the induction of antioxidant enzymes against oxidative stress. In this paper, we will first describe...

... Abstract Backgrounds: The early results of clinical pharmacological studies proved that duodenal protection existed without any decrease of gastric acid secretion (1965), and the ulcer healing rates by atropine, cimetidine and carbenoxolone (having no inhibitory effect of gastric acid...

... Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the important causative pathogens for both upper and lower respiratory tract infections during childhood. The current study was designed to evaluate the protection against fatal pneumococcal infections during the infant period by maternal...

... Abstract The aim of this chapter is to review the literature on the use of cooling interventions in the protection ofand recovery of performance from exercise-induced heat stress. This chapter will deal primarily with theeffects of pre-cooling on the improvement in exercise performance...

... and organizational means to avoidor reduce skin exposure to irritants and allergens. Educational measures to increase the awarenessof workers for workplace hazards and to motivate them to use skin protection measuresappropriately are just as important as the careful selection of skin protection materials. ...

... or transdermal therapeutic systems to treat dermatologicalor systemic conditions. The complexity of topical dosage forms and of desired skin protectionproperties makes it difficult to formulate general guidelines for the development and the useof protective topical dermatological formulations. At present...

... Abstract Contact dermatitis is a common skin disease in the workplace and at home. The theoreticallyoptimal way to minimize this problem is to use skin protection products such as barriercreams and moisturizers. Numerous ingredients have been formulated into the skinprotection products...

... of OSD, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an important cause ofchronic skin disease. In this chapter, various methods of protecting a worker from workrelatedallergy, including immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivities, are considered andreviewed. Concepts such as elimination of harmful exposures...

... Abstract Exposures to skin irritants frequently occur in daily life at the workplace, in laboratoriesand during housekeeping. Apart from the physical protective countermeasures, there is aneed for pharmacological preparations for the topical treatment of the exposed skin to preventthe...