... should be sought. Symptoms The symptoms of orbital disease can be structural, sensory, motor, psychophysical and vascular in nature. With structural symptoms, the treating physician should be aware of globe displacement, lid fullness or the presence of masses, and should look for proptosis...

... in Graves' orbitopathy. Fig. 5 Von Graefe sign. Proptosis (= exophthalmos ) is the prominence of the globe measured as the distance between the apex of the cornea and the anterior surface of the bony lateral orbital rim in millimetres with specific instruments called exophthalmometers...

... of symptoms including pain, diplopia, proptosis or decreased vision. Our inquiry should include general questions about the onset, duration and laterality of the chief complaint. A very acute onset (e.g. hours to days) or a rapidly progressive course suggests infectious or inflammatory disease in the orbit...

..., small auricles with prominent anthelical crura, broad or bifid great toe and soft tissue syndactyly, but without primary mental retardation. The most striking difference between FGFR1/2-associated craniosynostoses and SCS is the lack of proptosis due to normally sized orbits in the latter...

... Abstract Syndromic craniosynostosis is often associated with malformations of the midface. Growth failure of the skull base results in midface and maxillary hypoplasia, which in turn causes proptosis, upper airway obstruction, dental malocclusion, as well as other functional impairments...

...Is Orbital Imaging Always Necessary? The answer to this question is “no.” In a typical clinical case, featuring subjective complaints such as retrobulbar pain, gritty sensation and objective signs (lid swelling, lid retraction, chemosis, proptosis, typical motility...

..., fibrosis may develop so that the affected tissues do not return to their previous healthy state and the patient may still have some residual features such as proptosis and chronic dysfunction of extraocular muscles. Fig. 2 Rundle's curves depicting the natural history of Graves' orbitopathy...

... ]. Metastases may be from any primary site in the body, most frequently cancers of the breast, lung, unknown primary, and prostate. Patients may present with various clinical findings, including the more common exophthalmos and/or proptosis, but also with visual problems (double vision or visual loss), pain...

... is measured in millimeters ( fig. 6 ). Bicoronal synostosis causes symmetrical retrusion of the forehead and supraorbital rims, resulting in a prominent appearance of the eyes often mistaken for proptosis. True proptosis, or increased ocular protrusion, occurs when the sutures of the cranial base are affected...

... of orbital decompression in Graves' disease: a review of technique, results and complications. Orbit 1986;5:123-129. 3. Wilson WB, Manke WF: Orbital decompression in Graves' disease: the predictability of reduction of proptosis. Arch Opthalmol 1991;109:343-345. 4. Goldberg RA, Weinberg DA, Shorr N...

... fat removal, decompression for Graves ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology 1993;100:674-682. 31. Adenis JP, Rober PY, Lasudry JGH, Dalloul Z: Treatment of proptosis with fat removal orbital decompression in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 1998;8:246-252. 32. Richter DF, Stoff A, Olivari N...

...' orbitopathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;20:224-225. 6. Strianese D, Piscopo R, Elefante A, et al: Unilateral proptosis in thyroid eye disease with subsequent contralateral involvement: retrospective follow-up study. BMC Ophthalmol 2013;13:21. 7. Moss HM: Expanding lesions of the orbit...

.... The latter resolves after inferior rectus recession. Lower lid lengthening is indicated in lower lid retraction after inferior rectus recession. Bilateral lower lid retraction with proptosis should be primarily referred for orbital decompression. The cosmetic result following lower lid lengthening...

.... Proptosis results from the forward push of the globus. The degree of proptosis is correlated more with the volume of orbital fat than with the degree of muscle enlargement [ 13 ]. However, proptosis is also conditioned by the resilience of the periorbital fibrous tissue, mainly the sclera. Restriction...

... improvement in acute symptoms and health-related quality of life within a matter of days [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Steroids have a proven beneficial effect on soft-tissue swelling, visual acuity, and ocular motility whereas the effect on proptosis is rather limited. During the active phase...

...) in comparison to patients with euthyroid or hypothyroid GO (white). b Percentage of patients with a difference in proptosis between both eyes of ≥3 mm. c Intensity of soft-tissue inflammation. Reproduced from Eckstein et al. [ 16 ], with permission. Fig. 4 Unilateral active, euthyroid Graves...

... negative. All patients showed a statistically significant CAS score reduction at 9 months (5.89 ± 1.41 points) (Fig. 4 ), with reduced proptosis (72%), improvement in extraocular motility (83%), and resolved diplopia (54%). No severe side effects or relapse of active GO were observed at the end...