... advise against restricting the consumption of potential food allergens during pregnancy and breastfeeding to prevent food allergy in infants and children [ 4 ]. While eliminating fish from the maternal diet does not provide benefit, some studies reported that consumption of oily fish or the use...

... of disease understanding. We will introduce concepts of primary and secondary prevention and explore the ways in which the application of different epidemiological study designs has contributed to the knowledge and understanding of kidney diseases. We will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different...

...Key Messages Define parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis and intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Review population characteristics, clinical risk factors, and diagnostic algorithms. Appraise the evidence for the prevention and management of disease with a focus...

... Assembly Global Nutrition Targets with a focus on tackling and preventing all forms of malnutrition [ 6 ]. After the second international Conference on Nutrition in 2014, the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–2025) was declared. The Decade on Nutrition provides a unique opportunity...

... nephropathy, and later discuss the putative treatments for preventing the kidney disease. Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes In 1976 no treatment was available, as stated by Kussman et al. [ 5 ]. In that year we started a prospective study of the natural course of diabetic nephropathy...

... (PHN), which has significant adverse effects on quality of life and activities of daily living. Since PHN cannot be prevented once HZ has occurred, and treatment is only modestly successful and is associated with significant side effects, the recent introduction of an effective vaccine is an important...

... (SAM) children is only about 20%. Milk is currently an essential component of effective SAM treatment, incorporated into ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Reaching the untreated children, as well as preventing SAM, requires investment in innovative and cost-efficient approaches. To date, attempts...

... factors for LVMI. In the patients who showed worsening LVMI, the rates of change in SBP, proteinuria, and Hb were identified as independent risk factors for LVMI changes. Key Messages: It is important to treat hypertension and anemia to prevent LV remodeling not only during the dialysis stage but also...

... Ideally, the best way to treat diseases would be to prevent their occurrence by removing their causes or risk factors, when known or identified. Concerning Graves' orbitopathy (GO), although its pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated and a number of risk factors are probably yet...

... is necessary, but not sufficient, for effective doping prevention. Relevant and meaningful anti-doping must also recognise and respect the values of those affected, and consolidate them with the values underpinning structural, community level anti-doping. Effective anti-doping efforts are pragmatic, positive...

... is developing has a profound effect on the infant's general health and the prevention of disease expression later in life. An example of this process is the development of immune tolerance. Immune tolerance to innocuous antigens and commensal bacteria is the absence of a systemic immune response...