... Abstract The aim of this scoping review was to provide an up-to-date assessment of the prevalence of enamel hypomineralisation (EH) and, in particular, molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Epidemiological studies published from 2010 to 2023 were analyzed. After screening the primary...

... radiotherapy, after immunotherapy, or secondary to a brain tumor that involves the hypothalamic-pituitary region and will be discussed elsewhere in this series. In this chapter, the prevalence, risk factors, surveillance, and management of primary hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules...

... to produce any definitive figures on the global prevalence or incidence of root caries. Published studies have reported wide ranges for the prevalence of root caries (25-100%) and the mean Root Caries Index (9.7-38.7). The reported range for annual root caries incidence is also wide, from 10.1 to 40.6...

... live births. The estimated prevalence of SGA is highest in South Asia and in Sahelian countries of Africa. India has the world's largest number of SGA births, 12.8 million in 2010, due to the large number of births and the high proportion, 46.9%, of births that are SGA. The prevalence of SGA births...

... Abstract In the last 50 years, sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed a significant increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), from <1% recorded in some countries in the 1960s to a regional prevalence of 4.3% in 2012 (compared with a current global prevalence of 6.4...

...) was evaluated in four of these studies and presented average annual values between 3.5 and 18%, depending on the initial age of the examined sample. In adults (aged from 18 to 88 years) prevalence data ranged between 4 and 100%. Incidence data are scarce in this age group, and only one study was found analysing...

... the consumption of acidic beverages and dental erosions and there seems to be a dose-response relationship; however, further studies are necessary for a final statement. The same applies for the association between drug or medication intake or special diet and erosion prevalence. Though only few studies exist...

... Abstract Violence against women in its many forms has been recognized as a highly prevalent social and public health problem with serious consequences for the health and lives of women and their children, and also a serious violation of women’s human rights. This chapter provides a global...

... a comorbid condition, most notably of stroke, and many other neurodegenerative disorders. Conservative estimates of annual hospital costs associated with dysphagia run to USD 547 million. Length of stay rises by 1.64 days. The true prevalence of dysphagia is difficult to determine as it has been reported...

... 2 SD below the mean for young healthy controls. The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 13 to 24% in persons aged 65–70 years and was over 50% for those older than 80 years. In this study, the prevalence was higher for men over age 75 (58%) than for women (45%). In a similar study, the prevalence...

... as for research, especially for the estimation of prevalence rates. Introduction In the field of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood, two subject areas are of particular significance, and both are similarly difficult to observe. These are, on the one hand, estimation...

... Abstract Bacterial contamination of platelet components represents the most prevalent transfusion-transmittedinfectious risk, with the exception of viral epidemics. Transfusion services have grappled with this problemfor more than 50 years. It is only within the last 2 decades...

... Abstract The purpose of this chapter was to describe prevalence and trends in children’s physicalactivity (PA) and to overview the evidence of relationships between the broader neighborhoodsocial and physical environment and child and youth PA. PA typically declines throughoutchildhood...

... by interfering with the motion of the stapes or of the round window membrane.Various authors have studied the prevalence of histologic otosclerosis on laboratory collectionsof temporal bones. Some 12-15% of the temporal bones with histologic otosclerosis havedemonstrated stapedial fixation. Using these figures...

... surfaces with erosion). Prevalence data indicated that males had somewhatmore erosive tooth wear than females. The distribution of erosion showed a predominance ofocclusal surfaces (especially mandibular first molars), followed by facial surfaces (anteriormaxillary teeth). Oral erosion was frequently found...