... by cellular membranes with complex transmembrane flux properties. The major cations are sodium (Na + ) in the extracellular and potassium (K + ) in the intracellular compartment (Fig.  1 ). Na-K-ATPase is the main enzyme establishing this transmembrane electrolyte gradient which is crucial for proper cell...

... Abstract Potassium balance is a difficult task in hemodialysis: low potassium in the dialysate is associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death, whereas excessive dialysate potassium may provoke insufficient removal and hyperkalemia. A better understanding of the problem can be achieved...

.... This chapter addresses the physiology of postnatal adaptation and other aspects of fluid and electrolyte management (concerning potassium, sodium and chloride) of the preterm infant. ‘Water - the major nutrient' is the title of a review published in 1982 by Bent Friis-Hansen in the Journal...

... Abstract The potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser emits green light that is avidly absorbed by both melanin and oxyhemoglobin. Although the pulsed dye laser was the original laser utilizing selective photothermolysis to target vascular lesions in the skin, the KTP laser has itself proven...

... Abstract ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels are present in the surface membranes of many organs and cell types. In the pancreatic beta-cell, they play a critical role in coupling glucose metabolism to insulin secretion, and over the last few years, significant advances have been made...

... Abstract The most severe form of congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is caused by inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels. In K ATP HI, loss of functional channels results in inappropriate insulin responses to glucose. Thus, there is a failure...

... Abstract The beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel plays a key role in regulating insulin secretion by linking glucose metabolism to cell excitability. The channel is a protein complex composed of four Kir6.2 inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunits and four sulfonylurea...

...' mechanism: (1) a paternally inherited mutation of an ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel gene located on the 11p15 chromosome; and (2) in a pancreatic endocrine progenitor, a deletion of the maternally inherited 11p15 chromosomal region, compensated by a paternal uniparental disomy as observed in some...

... Abstract ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels regulate the flux of K + ions across the cell membranes and couplecell metabolism to electrical activity. These channels are octameric complexes of 4 pore-forming Kirand 4 regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits. The K ATP channels...

... Abstract The task of dialysis therapy is, amongst other things, to remo ve excess potassium (K+)from the body. The need to achieve an adequate K+ removal with the risk of cardiac arrhythmiasdue to sudden intra-extracellular K+ gradient advises the distribution of the removalthroughout...