... been described. Verbal and motor symptoms include echolalia, palilalia, echopraxia, and motor perseveration. Cognitive disorders induce perseverative behavior, perseverative thinking, including palipsychism, flashbulb memories, and reduplicative paramnesia (also known as “palimnesia”) and many related...

...: Palinopsia. Brain 1968;91:321-338. 4. Kinsbourne M, Warrington E: A study of visual perseveration. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1963;26:468-475. 5. Gersztenkorn D, Lee AG: Palinopsia revamped: a systematic review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol 2015;60:1-35. 6. Sierra-Hidalgo F, de Pablo...

... or frontal lobe syndrome', which includes both disinhibited and deficit symptoms, possibly at the same time [ 7 ]. Disinhibited behaviors include impulsivity, perseveration, and irritability, whereas deficit symptoms consist of apathy, loss of spontaneity, indifference, and lack of insight. Regardless...

... are common, with occasional neologisms and perseveration. Oral reading is usually relatively preserved, reading comprehension is markedly limited, while repetition is often preserved. Right-side infarcts are known to cause visual memory impairment and mild cognitive deficits [ 7 ]. These patients exhibit...

..., and perseveration [ 18 ]. As time passed by, 3 main “frontal lobe syndromes” were established, the neural circuitry for which was described by Cummings [ 28 ] in 1993. As would be expected, given the wide range of symptomology associated with frontal syndromes, patients with these ailments often have diverse...

....” In fact, this scenario has been a repeated encounter for us over the past 30 years. Fortunately, on perseverance, we have been able to eventually make our alternative findings known to the scientific world. The following are some examples. “Dogma One”: Nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II) is only inducible...

... of USN) [ 7 ]. Table 2 Types of USN Furthermore, USN associates with even rarer and productive “psychiatric-visuoperceptive” phenomena (perseverations, confabulations, false beliefs, misidentifications), illusory limb movements (the belief to have moved the paralyzed limb), supernumerary...

...-side infarcts present with visual memory impairment and neglect [ 16 ]. Behavioral deficits include perseverations, apathy, abulia and anosoagnosia. Transitory motor, sensory signs and facial paresis for emotional movements have been described [ 16 ]. Anterior Choroidal Artery Only very few...

... volitional goal-directed multistep actions. Such patients are unable to cope with new problem-solving, use inappropriate rules, sometimes perseverate, and are unable to suppress automatic, overlearned responses. A deficit in divided attention is especially common (e.g. revealed in testing using a dual-task...

... surgeon, he entered diabetes research from an unrelated field – cardiology, yet through his research interest, perseverance, and desire to help a fellow doctor he succeeded in initiating insulin therapy in Scotland. It took a few more months for Meakins’ insulin to became commercially available, which...

... the posterior MCA. Visual perseveration (palinopia) and visual distortions, such as micropsia and more rarely macropsia, can be described with distal PCA stroke affecting the occipital lobe in association with severe hemianopia. Somatosensory sensory deficits are frequently seen after acute cortical PCA...

... of teamwork, perseverance, tenacity, and leadership that one acquires from this sport. At the time, however, I had no idea how this experience would affect my subsequent professional interests and future research. Fig. 2 The first author played college football for Indiana University. As a 5'6'', 160...

... enhances performance in healthy individuals asked to simulate mental illness. Approximate or “near miss” answers were in fact more frequent in the pseudo-dementia group, while perseverations and gross confabulations was the hallmark of the organic dementia group. It thus seems clear that malingering...

...-absorbed, puerile and distractible, with perseverations and sudden mood changes. Whilst Brickner showed severe deterioration in Joe A.’s behavior after surgery, Hebb and Penfield reported a 27-year-old patient who improved after partial bilateral frontal lobectomy [ 9 , 10 ]. Following a traumatic brain...

... by neuropathology in both thalami, more specific cognitive deficits have been observed with unilateral thalamic lesions from ischemic infarcts. A comprehensive review of thalamic strokes found that anterior infarcts led to perseverations, apathy, and amnesia; paramedian infarcts to disinhibition, personality change...