... and trigeminal dorsal horn projections to the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. J Compar Neurol 1985;240:153–160. 18. Fulwiler CE, Saper CB: Subnuclear organization of the efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain Res 1984;319:229–259. 19. Li X, Ge SN, Li Y, Wang HT: Neurokinin-1...

..., the neural signal is conveyed to the forebrain via distinct relays in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the lateral parabrachial nucleus to the lateral hypothalamic area and other hypothalamic nuclei; the functional roles of these relays in amylin’s eating inhibitory effect have not been fully...

....  5 ). The Vc-PBN pathway , described in animal models, originates mainly from lamina I of the Vc (laminae I to III) similar the lateral and medial pathways but projects to the PBN (parabrachial nuclei). They are a group of nuclei localized in the dorsolateral pons that surrounds the superior...

...-immunoreactivities in hypocretin/orexin neurones of the lateral hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 1999;11:653-663 42. Wu Q, Boyle MP, Palmiter RD: Loss of GABAergic signaling by AgRP neurons to the parabrachial nucleus leads to starvation. Cell 2009;137:1225-1234 43. Reilly S: The parabrachial nucleus...

... ]. Descending Arc-Parabrachial Nucleus Projections Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role in the control of food intake for a projection containing agouti-related peptide (AGRP)/gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) from the Arc to the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) [ 42 ]. Lesions of the lateral PBN...

... from excitatory spinal interneurons. Neurotoxic ablation of neurons expressing neurokinin 1 (NK1), the receptor for substance P, also reduced itch behavior [ 14 ]. Nearly all spinal neurons with ascending axonal projections to the thalamus and parabrachial nucleus (see below) express NK1 [ 17...

...; A = adrenergic/noradrenergic; ZI = zona incerta; VTA = ventral tegmental area; SNC = substantia nigra pars compacta; DLTN = dorsolateral tegmental nucleus; PBN = parabrachial nucleus; IML = IML nucleus; GABA = γ-aminobutyric acid; T = thoracic; L = lumbar; S = sacral; NA = noradrenaline; Ach = acetylcholine...

... and Nalox on the brain regions involved in the reception of gastroenteric signals: the dorsal vagal complex, which connects the vagus nerve, and the parabrachial nucleus, which connects afferents from the spinal cord [ 1 ]. By immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of the protein c-Fos, a well...

... TA, D'Alessio DA, Air EL, Woods SC: Inhibition of central amylin signaling increases food intake and body adiposity in rats. Endocrinology 2001;142:5035. 18. Becskei C, Grabler V, Edwards GL, Riediger T, Lutz TA: Lesion of the lateral parabrachial nucleus attenuates the anorectic effect...

... to the parabrachial nucleus in the dorsolateral pons. From the parabrachial nucleus, this pathway then projects via the amygdala to the cingulate and insular cortices. In functional neuroimaging studies, the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in modulation of nociceptive information received by the primary...

... projections of neurons in laminae I, III, and IV of rat spinal cord to thalamus, periaqueductal gray matter, and lateral parabrachial area. J Comp Neurol 2009;515:629-646. 19496168 10.1002/cne.22081 18. Akiyama T, Tominaga M, Carstens MI, Carstens EE: Site-dependent and state-dependent inhibition...

... tegmental area (VTA)[ 7 ] and the dorsal raphe [ 12 ], neurons located in the supramammillary nuclei [ 13 ], the external lateral parabrachial nuclei [ 14 , 15 ], the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei producing GABA, glutamate or acetylcholine [ 16 ], dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing neurons – co...

... mechanoreceptors. The parabrachial nucleus also transmits information from medullary respiratory neurons to the amygdala, hypothalamus and other suprapontine structures. The DRG located in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the first central relay station for afferents from peripheral respiratory chemo...

... parabrachial nucleus attenuates the anorectic effect of peripheral amylin and CCK. Brain Res 2007;1162:76-84 10. Rowland NE, Richmond RM: Area postrema and the anorectic actions of dexfenfluramine and amylin. Brain Res 1999;820:86-91 11. Potes CS, Lutz TA, Riediger T: The central signaling pathways...

... for arousal from sleep during hypercapnia. Neuron 2017;96:1153–1167.e5. 15. Qiu MH, Chen MC, Fuller PM, Lu J: Stimulation of the pontine parabrachial nucleus promotes wakefulness via extra-thalamic forebrain circuit nodes. Curr Biol 2016;26:2301–2312. 16. Kroeger D, Ferrari LL, Petit G, Mahoney CE...

... 1994;39:723-726. 52. Yamashiro T, et al: c-fos expression in the trigeminal sensory complex and pontine parabrachial areas following experimental tooth movement. Neuroreport 1997;8:2351-2353. 53. Fujiyoshi Y, et al: The difference in temporal distribution of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons between...

.... 1 a). At the brain level, visceral pain-related interoceptive signals are processed in a homeostatic-afferent network (brainstem sensory nuclei including the nucleus of the solitary tract and the parabrachial nucleus, thalamus, posterior insula) and integrated with and modulated by emotional-arousal...

... sensory information to the forebrain via the parabrachial nucleus and also has direct output to the amygdala and hypothalamus. The NTS is hypothesized as a central mediator of VNS action, as afferent polysynaptic pathways project to widespread cortical regions, increasing activity in thalamocortical...