... of various automated Pap test screening systems. The literature regarding automated Pap test screening is also critically reviewed. Approximately 2 decades ago very few (12%) cytology laboratories had started adopting technology to assist with automation, including automating screening...

... Abstract Oral appliances that advance the mandible are widely used as alternatives to positive airway pressure (PAP) devices or as primary therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. Although PAP is more efficacious at lowering the polysomnographic indices of OSA, the clinical...

... vascular resistance which is due to functional and morphological factors (chronic alveolar hypoxia is the most important). PH is generally mild to moderate, with mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) usually ranging between 20 and 35 mm Hg at rest in a stable state of the disease. A small proportion of COPD...

... Abstract Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disordercharacterized by abundant deposition of surfactant-like materialin the aveoli. In this article we focus the discussion on theprimary acquired (idiopathic) PAP. We report the studies thatdeveloped the concept that this disorder...

... with by the use ofpositive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, leading to symptomssuch as nasal congestion, dry nose or throat, sore throat andepistaxis.These symptoms are caused by mouth leaks, whichduring PAP treatment lead to high unidirectional nasal airflow.This has a cooling and drying effect on the nasal...

... in the chapters by Le Gal et al. [pp. 218-225] and Tissot and Beghetti [pp. 122-136], respectively. Pulmonary Hemodynamics Pulmonary hypertension is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) higher than 25 mm Hg [ 1 ]. The upper limit of normal of PAP is 20 mm Hg [ 2 ]. Accordingly...

... ventricular ejection fraction, preserved left ventricle ejection fraction, and mitral and aortic valve disease. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) >25 mm Hg at rest and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >3 Wood units in the presence of normal...

...): Medical Informatics in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Hershey, Medical Information Science Reference, 2009, pp 160–184. 5. Pantanowitz L: Automated Pap tests; in Pantanowitz L, Parwani AV (eds): Practical Informatics for Cytopathology. New York, Springer, 2014, vol 1, pp 147–155. 6. Thrall M...

...). This is the case for both Pap test slides and non-gynecologic samples. Whilst liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with a monolayer help mitigate some uneven distribution of cellular material, the 3D nature of intact cells still creates focus difficulties (Fig.  1 ). Cytology slides can also be thicker, have cells...

...-assisted tools were successfully adopted to automate Pap test screening. Since then, there have been numerous publications applying digital image analysis to fine-needle aspiration and exfoliative specimens. Image algorithms have evolved from offering simple quantitative image analysis of biomarkers...

... in a reactive population with a wide range of maturation. Small mature lymphocytes predominate, comprising 75-90% of the total lymphocytes, and are slightly smaller than a red blood cell with a size range of 4-8 microns depending on the type of stain used; they appear smaller with a Papanicolaou (Pap) stain...

... artery pressure (PAP), measured relative to atmospheric pressure, shows wide variations throughout an apnea and reaches its highest level during the resumption of ventilation [ 46 , 47 ]. The measurement of PAP relative to intrathoracic pressure, i.e. transmural pressure (PAP tm ), assesses PAP...

... binding, and volumes of distribution of the different toxins. Several extracorporeal techniques are available to remove bilirubin from the blood. Among these, plasma adsorption perfusion (PAP) and double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) have proved to be efficient in the removal of albumin...

... syndrome that occurs in children and adults residing above 2,500 m and is classified in the third group of PH [ 9 ]. It is a hemodynamic and pathophysiological condition defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) ≥25 mm Hg at rest as assessed by right heart catheterization measured...

...). The aspirates are cellular showing numerous cell clusters with 2-dimensional acinar arrangements in a background of tumor necrosis. Fig. 2 Cytomorphology of metastatic ADC with papillary features (Pap stain, ×200). The specimen is cellular and shows a few glandular clusters, including 3-dimensional...

...- and postoperative period, pulmonary hypertension (PH) is still associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates in patients with CHD. Based on hemodynamic definition of PAH [mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) >25 mm Hg] [ 1 ], almost all patients with a large unrestricted left-to-right shunt...

..., is generally used ( fig. 8 ). Air-dried, Romanovskystained preparations have the advantage of highlighting background matrix/stromal material and cytoplasmic features [ 2 ]. Fixed slides are stained with the Papanicolaou (Pap) stain. The Pap stain highlights nuclear features and has the advantage of sharp...