... of neoformation. Acute osmotic stress results in increased proportions of mesothelial cells dying in apoptosis, anoikis, secondary necrosis as well as in pure necrosis. After long-term exposure, cells apparently adapt to the new hypertonic environment even though the eventual presence of functional changes cannot...

... uptake from the extracellular space (betaine, myo-inositol andamino acids), increased intracellular production [sorbitol and glycerophosphorylcholine(GPC)] and reduced intracellular degradation (GPC). Apart from osmotically balancing thehigh extracellular NaCl concentration, betaine and GPC also...