Search Results for microbiota

... Abstract Humans maintain symbiotic relationships with complex microbial communities in their intestinal tracts that are paramount to their host’s health and development. Given their importance, it is essential for the host to reliably acquire key members of the gut microbiota and assemble...

... Abstract This article explores the challenges and opportunities of applying Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) to the field of gut microbiota research. EBM has revolutionized healthcare by integrating the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. However, EBM has also faced...

... Abstract The development of the microbiome within the human digestive tract starts at birth and continues up to approximately 3 years of age when the microbial ecosystem resembles a more adulthood-like state. The pace of colonization and diversification of the gut microbiota in the early stages...

... Abstract Gut microbiota plays an important role in infants’ health. The prevalence of bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of term breastfed infants has been associated with reduced infection rates compared with formula-fed infants. However, few studies evaluated microbiota in premature...

... Infant microbiota Colonization Mode of birth Key Messages Early gut microbiota colonization is crucial for infant development and health programming. Maternal microbiota is the most relevant microbial source for infant microbiota. There are perinatal factors including mode...

... are programmed, this chapter will focus on the impacts of maternal history of childhood adversity on offspring mental health, including the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. One of the most commonly used frameworks of the last several decades for measuring childhood adversity is the Adverse Childhood...

... integrity. Gut microbes interact with the host in a bi-directional manner as the microbiota can support the development and education of the innate and adaptive immune systems, thereby conferring protection against pathogens and harmful stimuli while training the host to maintain a homeostatic tolerance...

... Abstract There is currently enormous interest in the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the development and function of the brain via activity of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It has long been recognised that symbiotic microorganisms influence host behaviour, but in recent years evidence...

.... Foundational work on germ-free mice provided the catalyst for neuroscientists to consider the microbiota-brain axis and brain health. Research manipulating the microbiome, including use of germ-free mice, antibiotics, and probiotics, provide evidence that the microbiota influences stress systems...

... Abstract The present narrative review provides a summary of the temporal and spatial reactions of the oral microbiome to the placement of a dental implant into the oral cavity, depicting the most important interactions between the oral microbiota and the host response involved...

... Abstract At the beginning of the 21st century, some pioneer studies provided evidence of the existence of a site-specific human milk microbiota. Hygienically collected milk samples from healthy women contain a relatively low bacterial load, which consist mostly of Staphylococcus...

... roles in terms of interaction with the host, how this interaction may play a role in host health, and the state of the science as well as the gaps that remain for future investigation. Human Milk Microbiota The first area to be discussed is the microbiota found in human milk [ 11 , 12...

... of the suggested mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of the tryptophan catabolite indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) in B. infantis secretions on an intestinal epithelial cell. (1) Degradation of lumen protein leads to the release of tryptophan (Trp). Under the influence of the gut microbiota, Trp is converted...

... The second session was devoted entirely to microbiota in breast milk. Further evidence was presented to support breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life by considering new aspects of the composition of breast milk which supports a healthy initial colonization in the newborn. Samuli...

... Abstract Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is intimately involved in the transfer of maternal immunity to the newborn breastfed infant. Recent research demonstrates the significance of SIgA in the initial development of the newborn’s microbiota and in the establishment of a tolerogenic...

... their extensive studies of the maternal intestinal microbiome during pregnancy. Because gut microbiota is influenced by alterations in weight, hormonal stimulation, and immunologic defenses, phenomena that occur throughout pregnancy, the maternal microbiota changes drastically from the first to the third...

... Abstract Antibiotics are often prescribed inappropriately to infants and young children, with potentially adverse effects on the developing gut microbiota and related metabolic processes. We review evidence from 17 epidemiologic studies suggesting that antibiotic exposure during critical...

... intrigued researchers for many years. Availability of newer molecular methods (e.g., 16S ribosomal RNA gene-specific primers/pyrosequencing of fecal DNA) is expected to improve our understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NEC. Recent studies employing such methods to assess fecal...

... provide one new target for interventions aiming to close this vicious circle: the microbiota. An aberrant gut microbiota, dysbiosis, induces immune and metabolic disturbances both locally and, consequent upon impaired gut barrier function, also systemic low-grade inflammation, which is causally linked...

... that the Gut Microbiome Is Altered in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Studies indicate that intestinal microbial dysbiosis is a feature in both children [ 2 ] and adults [ 3 ] with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). As with many studies related to the gut microbiota in other human conditions...