Search Results for microbial

... Abstract Bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, viruses, and bacteriophages colonize the oral cavity and, in combination, they form the oral microbiome . The coexistence of different microorganisms and the microbial balance at each specific site are warranted by synergistic and antagonist...

.../incontinence dermatitis and wound healing are examples of cases where microbial infection is promoted by the altered skin conditions or environment. Fungi have a complex system that senses ambient pH that leads to metabolic responses allowing adhesion, growth and invasion, as microbial metabolites further...

... all other species on our planet, have evolved to live and thrive in an environment densely inhabited by microbes. During the past decades, it has become apparent that rather than mere cohabitance, our existence in the microbial world takes the form of mutually beneficial symbiosis. Indeed, except...

... that the current ink sterilisation systems show a low capability to inactivate microbial contamination in tattoo inks. At the moment, European Resolution ResAP2008-1 recommends that the ink be sterile and supplied in containers that maintain the sterility of the product until application. In light of the outcomes...

... + gut-tropic T REG . In contrast, microbiota-specific T REG in the colon do not appear to require RA, but can be regulated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbial metabolites that signal through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR43. Moreover, T REG do not need CCR9 to home to the colon...

..., endocrinology and neurophysiology, is the emerging translational medicine discipline known as microbial endocrinology. Given that immune cell function can be modulated by host neuroendocrine hormones, one of the areas in which microbial endocrinology has been proposed to have particular application...

... intimately cooperating with adaptive mucosal immunity which largely relies on secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and SIgM antibodies. The former antibody class provides the most extensive anti-inflammatory defense of the body by performing immune exclusion - a term coined for mucosal control of microbial...

... the gingival crevices. Although these investigations are constructing a pretty detailed taxonomical census of subgingival microbial communities, including inter-subject and temporal variability in community structure, as well as differences according to periodontal health status, we are still at the front...

... gastrointestinal tract is a reservoir for 100 trillion microorganisms. This astounding microbial population encompasses somewhere between 500 and 1,000 different bacterial species. Amazingly, prokaryotic bacterial cells outnumber eukaryotic host cells by 100 to 1 in mammalian species [ 1 ]. The complexity...

... activate pathogenic bacterial antigen-specific effector T cells that cause chronic inflammation in genetically susceptible hosts but induce protective immune responses in normal subjects. Both host and microbial specificities are important. Some bacterial species are aggressive, some are neutral and others...

... tract and therefore, by selecting new candidate probiotics from members of the normal microbiota, the strains are likely to have the prerequisite survival and specificity. Probiotic bacteria should also counteract the inflammatory process by stabilizing the gut microbial environment and the intestine's...

... to environmental changes. This is a result of interactions between microbes and the environment and amongst members of the community. A multitude of chemical interactions occur in microbial communities where primary and secondary metabolites contribute to a wealth of interactions between organisms. The chemicals...

... Abstract Antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, represent a central and important partof the immune defence against invading microorganisms, as they participate in initial capture and processingof microbial antigens (innate immunity) and then activation of specific T...