... Abstract Maternal undernutrition affects a large proportion of women in many developing countries, but has received little attention as an important determinant of poor maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth (PTB), and maternal...

... are programmed, this chapter will focus on the impacts of maternal history of childhood adversity on offspring mental health, including the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. One of the most commonly used frameworks of the last several decades for measuring childhood adversity is the Adverse Childhood...

... Abstract During pregnancy, maternal insulin resistance develops, primarily during the second and third trimesters. Placental hormones and adipocytokines contribute to this phenomenon. Insulin resistance allows glucose and amino acid sparing for fetal construction, while the mother utilizes...

..., in combination with prepregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum characteristics (Table 1 ). From prepregnancy, polycystic ovary syndrome, overweight, and family history of diabetes are well-described risk factors of later development of diabetes [ 1 , 25 , 26 ]. Maternal low birth weight is associated with later...

... Abstract Factors operating in the preconception and prenatal periods, such as maternal obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes, predict a substantial fraction of childhood obesity as well as lifelong adverse health consequences in the mother. These periods may lend...

... and synthesizes current knowledge about nongenetic maternal risk factors, which have at least one significant finding showing evidence of a positive association with CHDs overall. Risk factors for individual CHD phenotypes are not discussed. Maternal nongenetic risk factors reviewed include sociodemographic...

... Abstract The global burden of undernutrition remains high with little evidence of change in many countries. We reviewed the evidence of the potential nutritional interventions and estimated their effect on nutrition-related outcomes of women and children. Among the maternal interventions, daily...

... of early life origins of chronic disease has focused attention on maternal health and nutrition as major determinants of the health of the offspring. India has high burden of maternal ill health and also of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, offering unique opportunities to study the links between...