Search Results for kidney

... Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been shown to be associated with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Multiple studies have shown that subsets of AKI survivors are at high risk for progression to advanced stage CKD and death. Risk factors associated with AKI survivors progressing...

... Abstract Recent controlled trials, epidemiological analyses and basic research studies offer a comprehensive view of the short and long-term clinical repercussion of de novo acute kidney injury or AKI. While most post-AKI patients recover their baseline renal function, a significant number...

... Abstract Clinical Background: Automobile accidents constitute one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Kidney injury related to automobile accidents occurs through several mechanisms. Among the mechanisms are direct traumatic injury, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure...

... Abstract Clinical Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, the effects of tobacco use on chronic kidney disease (CKD) are less widespread. Epidemiology: Smoking tobacco is associated...

... Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI), even if followed by renal recovery, is a risk factor for the future development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In the previous years, novel insights in the pathophysiology of CKD progression suggested...

... Abstract Approximately 70% of community-acquired cases of acute kidney injury are attributed to pre-renal causes. In most of these cases, the underlying kidney function may be normal, but decreased renal perfusion associated with low intravascular volume or decreased arterial pressure can...

... Abstract Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common type of acute kidney injury (AKI) related to parenchymal damage (90% of cases). It may be due to a direct kidney injury, such as sepsis, drugs, toxins, contrast media, hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria, or it may be the consequence...

... Abstract Acute cortical necrosis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are 2 clinical scenarios of parenchymal acute kidney injury (AKI) related to renal microvascular injury. Acute cortical necrosis is a rare condition related to an ischemic necrosis of renal cortex. Necrotic lesions can be due...

... Abstract The incidence of acute kidney injury related to urinary tract obstruction is low (1-10%). It occurs in bilateral renal or lower urinary tract obstruction or in ureter obstruction in patients with a single functioning kidney or with pre-existing chronic kidney disease. The etiology...

... Abstract Numerous drugs with different mechanisms of action and different pharmacologic profiles are being used with the aim of improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The therapeutic options for patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited...

... Abstract The modern definition and classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) has now been applied to thousands of patients around the world and in different settings. Epidemiology is shedding intense light on the credibility of our fundamental notions of how AKI occurs and why. It is clear...

... Abstract After damage the kidney has the ability to repair itself. With mild injury this repair can result in the return to a structural and functional state that is indistinguishable from normal. However, when the repair is more severe or is superimposed on baseline kidney abnormalities...

... Abstract Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of both delayed graft function (DGF) in allografts and hemodynamic mediated acute kidney injury (AKI) of native kidneys. IR injury involves the interplay of several factors, including both the innate...

... Chronic kidney disease Short stature Supplements Protein Energy Enteral feeding Obesity Key Messages Short stature is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. Decreased nutritional intake is the best described cause of poor growth and worsens as the glomerular...

... Abstract Kidney disease is frequently described as a public health problem. This chapter will unpack what we mean by “public health” and by “taking a public health approach.” We will consider the global burden of kidney diseases and their determinants, with a focus on chronic kidney disease. We...

... Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem and part of the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases. Many studies have searched for ways to reduce the risk of complications and death. One possible approach to modify the course of this disease is the adoption...