.... Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al: Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-233. 4. Kendrick IP, Kim HJ, Harris RC, et al: The effect of 4 weeks beta-alanine supplementation and isokinetic...

... acidosis but not oxygen uptake response during high-intensity cycling exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010;108:495-503. 9. Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris RC, et al: Beta-alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained...

... is discussed. Age-Related Decline in Strength Loss of skeletal muscle strength is a commonly recognized consequence of aging. Age-related decline in strength has been demonstrated in multiple cross-sectional studies of limb muscles tested under isometric and dynamic (usually isokinetic) conditions, most...

...-440 14. Svensson J, Stibrant Sunnerhagen KS, Johannsson G: Five years of growth hormone replacement therapy in adults: age-and gender-related changes in isometric and isokinetic muscle strength. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2061-2069 15. Giovannini S, Marzetti E, Borst SE, Leeuwenburgh C...

... such as isokinetic, pneumatic and hydraulic machines or friction-loaded and air-braked ergometers (i.e. cycle or rowing ergometers). High-intensity exercises are defined as any exercise that exceeds the maximal power of the oxidative metabolism, the likes of which are met in resistance efforts and sustained all-out...

... is elevated in resistance trained bodybuilders. J Strength Cond Res 2005;19:725-729 6. Kendrick IP, Kim HJ, Harris RC, Kim CK, Dang VH, Lam TQ, Bui TT, Wise JA: The effect of 4 weeks β-alanine supplementation and isokinetic training on carnosine concentrations in type I and II human skeletal muscle fibres...

... in isokinetic leg strength in 10-14 year olds. Ann Hum Biol 2002;29:50-62 18. Wood LE, Dixon S, Grant C, Armstrong N: Elbow flexion and extension strength relative to body size or muscle size in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:1977-1984 19. Rasmussen B, Kaulsen K, Jespersen B, Jensen K...

...-253 38. Cho NS, Yi JW, Lee BG, et al: Re-tear pattern after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: single row vs. suture bridge technique. Am J Sports Med 2010;38:664-671 39. Demirors H, Circi E, Akgun RC, Tarhan NC, Cetin N, Akpinar S, Tuncay IC: Correlations of isokinetic measurements with tendon...

.... Lin JJ, Hanten WP, Olson SL, et al: Functional activities characteristics of shoulder complex movements: exploration with a 3-D electromagnetic measurement system. J Rehabil Res Dev 2005;42:199-210 29. Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, DeClercq GA, Vanderstraeten GG, Cambier DC: Evaluation of isokinetic...

... beta-alanine supplementation and isokinetic training on carnosine concentrations in type I and II human skeletal muscle fibres. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009;106:131-138. 5. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al: Effect of two beta-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout...

... performance in boys, teens, and men. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2008;20:457-469 66. De Ste Croix MB, Deighan MA, Ratel S, Armstrong N: Age- and sex-associated differences in isokinetic knee muscle endurance between young children and adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009;34:725-731 67. Ratel S, Bedu M...

..., Sepic SB: Strength of isometric and isokinetic contractions: knee muscles of men aged 20 to 86. Phys Ther 1980;60:412-419 11. Young A, Stokes M, Crowe M: The size and strength of the quadriceps muscles of old and young men. Clin Physiol 1985;5:145-154 12. Young A, Stokes M, Crowe M: Size...

... and the generated muscle tension is greater than the opposing resistance. Concentric muscle actions result in dynamic movement of parts of the body at constant (isokinetic) or variable velocity. Concentric actions of variable velocity are more common in both sports and everyday life but the development...

..., Tarhan NC, Cetin N, Akpinar S, Tuncay IC: Correlations of isokinetic measurements with tendon healing following open repair of rotator cuff tears. Int Orthop 2010;34:531-536 40. Spielmann AL, Forster BB, Kokan P, et al: Shoulder after rotator cuff repair: MR imaging findings in asymptomatic...

.... Eur J Appl Physiol 2010;108:495-503. 9. Derave W, Ozdemir MS, Harris RC, et al: Beta-alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters. J Appl Physiol 2007;103:1736-1743. 10. Stellingwerff T...

... with children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2002;14:259-268 65. Toubekis AG, Tsami AP, Tokmakidis SP: Critical velocity and lactate threshold in young swimmers. Int J Sports Med 2006;27:117-123 66. Dekerle J, Williams C, McGawley K, Carter H: Critical power is not attained at the end of an isokinetic 90-second all...

... of fixed resistance, and the exercise is performed in both an isometric (sustained) and isokinetic (short repetitions) manner [ 20 ]. The Shaker exercise is indicated for patients who display impaired UES opening, given the recognition that excursion of the hyolaryngeal complex is biomechanically linked...