... Abstract Intravitreal ranibizumab (RBZ) has been shown in multiple randomized clinical trials to be a valuable treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME), promoting a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and in anatomic outcomes. Compared to sham (RISE and RIDE studies...

...-angiogenic and pro-permeability factor involved in the pathogenesis of DME. VEGF blockade has proven remarkably effective at reducing DME and improving visual acuity (VA) in eyes with center involved DME causing VA loss in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Intravitreal aflibercept, ranibizumab...

... Abstract Over the past decade, great strides have been made in the management of diabetic macular edema (DME). Therapeutic alternatives now include focal/grid laser photocoagulation, vitreo-retinal surgery, and intraocular injection of anti-angiogenic and steroid molecules. Intravitreal...

... Abstract The advantage of intravitreal injections is an immediate and increased therapeutic effect in the intended retinal tissue. The accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the delivered volume depend on the size of the syringe and the physician's manual experience. The eyelids...

... with unpredictable kinetics. For example, using a rabbit model to study the pharmacokinetics of an intravitreal injection used to treat endophthalmitis is a reasonable approach. On the other hand, using a mouse or rat model to determine topical delivery for a chronic retinal disorder is suboptimal and does...

... retinopathy. The possible advantages related to intravitreal drugs including anti-VEGF and steroids require further studies over long-term follow-up. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by the growth of retinal or optic disk vascular proliferation as a consequence of widespread...

... on clinical study.gov) 7. Mintz-Hittner HA Kennedy Ka Chuang AZ: the BEAT-ROP Cooperative Group: Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med 2011;364:603-615 ...

... of the correct therapy for each patient. We can utilize drugs either alone or in combination using different dosages and routes of administration. Intravitreal injection directly into the vitreous cavity leads to rapid therapeutic drug concentration in the retinal tissue and reduces systemic side effects...

... intravitreal injections. The application is performed under sterile technique using a bi-planar injection. Using mass spectrometry and expression of the DEX-sensitive gene cytochrome P450 A38 (CYP3A8), the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of Osurdex was determined [ 18 ]. Thirty-four male monkeys received...

... Abstract Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) has been applied in exponentially increasingfrequency for various intraocular neovascular and edematous diseases, including diabeticmacular edema, proliferating diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma due to proliferativediabetic...

...:358-363. 4. Graham RO, Peyman GA: Intravitreal injection of dexamethasone. Treatment of experimentally induced endophthalmitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1974;92:149-154. 5. Peyman GA, Rose M, Sanders D: Intravitreal antibiotic injection and vitrectomy in acute bacterial endophthalmitis. Can J...

...References References 1. Maurice D: Review: practical issues in intravitreal drug delivery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2001;17:393-401. 2. Costa Ede P, Rodrigues EB, Farah ME, Sebag J, Meyer CH: Novel vitreous modulators for pharmacologic vitreolysis in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy...

... of steroids in various retinal diseases. Corticosteroid usage in ophthalmology dates back to the early 1950s, when it was used primarily for external ocular diseases. Whereas topical administration results in suboptimal intravitreal drug levels [ 1 ], periocular steroid administration results...

... to the posterior segment of the eye. Dev Ophthalmol 2010;47:59-72 5. Lobo AM, Sobrin L, Papaliodis GN: Drug delivery options for the treatment of ocular inflammation. Semin Ophthalmol 2010;25:283-288 6. Maurice D: Review: practical issues in intravitreal drug delivery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2001;17:393-401...

... of bevacizumab in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:399-405. 15. Bakri SJ, Snyder MR, Reid JM, Pulido JS, Singh RJ: Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin). Ophthalmology 2007;114:855-859. 16. Moisseiev E, Waisbourd M...

... frequency with ranibizumab during the open-label extension of the RIDE and RISE trials. Ophthalmology 2016;123:1716-1721. 10. Brown DM, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Do DV, et al: Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema: 100-week results from the VISTA and VIVID studies. Ophthalmology 2015;122:2044...