Search Results for insufficiency

... Abstract The objectives of this chapter are to discuss the factors involved in the decision-making algorithm of an appropriate intervention for glottal insufficiency. Management strategies not only depend on the etiology, history, symptoms, size of glottal gap on visualization, but also...

... of hormone replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency (AI). Registry studies indicate increased cardiovascular mortality, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in both primary and secondary AI, but when cohorts with carefully characterized patients are studied the picture is less clear, and recently...

... Abstract Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a potentially life-threatening condition and it is of utmost importance to identify and adequately manage affected individuals. Diagnosis is often delayed, probably partly because diseases of the adrenal or pituitary region that cause primary AI (PAI...

... of primary adrenocortical insufficiency (PAI) in around 80-90% of cases [ 1 ]. Autoimmune PAI is also known as autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD), after the name of the physician who in 1855 described the disease and attributed it to a pathology of the adrenal glands. In AAD, autoimmune adrenalitis...

... Abstract The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a challenge. Most signs and symptoms are nonspecific and vary considerably depending upon the underlying cause and degree of AI. Identification of AI is crucial because the disease may be life-threatening if left unrecognized...

... frequent endogenous cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) is a tumor of the hypothalamic-pituitary region, usually associated with panhypopituitarism secondary to tumor growth or to its treatment with surgery or irradiation. Less commonly, SAI is due to nontumoral disorders including infiltrative...

... Abstract For a long time it has been assumed that patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency under established replacement therapy have a normal life expectancy and a normal everyday life. Recent studies now indicate both an impairment of quality of life (QoL) with a negative impact on daily...

... Abstract Glucocorticoid treatment in adrenal insufficiency remains a challenge since many patients complain of fatigue, reduced health-related quality of life and working ability. Moreover, there is a fear of increased mortality and morbidity related to adrenal crises and chronic overexposure...

..., palatal notching, and soft palate diastasis should alert the surgeon to a high likelihood of a submucosal cleft, and in these cases, only superior adenoidectomy should be performed. The risk of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) following adenoidectomy is approximately 1:1,500, and the risk is higher...

... insufficiency (VPI). During the speech pathologist's evaluation, perceptual speech analysis, including nasometry, articulation assessment, resonance evaluation, and oral motor function assessment, is essential in diagnosing VPI. However, these tests cannot characterize the pattern of velopharyngeal closure...

... Abstract Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) affects speech, swallowing, and many psychosocial aspects of life in a way best measured by quality-of-life (QOL) instruments. QOL instruments are patient-reported outcome instruments that provide a method of measuring the value that patients place...

... Abstract When surgical correction is less than successful or when children are poor candidates for surgery due to a large gap, a neuromuscular cause of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), a strong gag reflex, or unfavorable anatomy, prosthetic intervention can result in the elimination of VPI...

... Abstract This chapter outlines the management of patients who have failed initial surgical correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency. Clinical judgment is required to determine the most appropriate revision option for each patient. Background In most pediatric patients, surgical...

... Abstract The use of acid suppression in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) additionally to enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme preparations (PEPs) is controversial. In current recommendations, the prescription of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is not generally recommended...

... Abstract Velopharyngeal inadequacy may be learned, neurologic, or anatomic in origin. Velopharyngeal insufficiency specifically refers to an anatomic deficiency, which subsequently impairs resonant control of speech and intraoral pressure for orally directed speech sounds. Preoperative speech...

... Abstract The diagnosis of central adrenal insufficiency relies heavily on laboratory testing of cortisol levels in the systemic circulation. The lack of cortisol assay standardization challenges the reliability of dynamic tests of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. Although the insulin...