... Abstract Throughout the last 20 years, numerous studies have indicated pro-inflammatory activity in patients with an acute schizophrenic episode. In this report, the most relevant findings concerning the cytokine systems in schizophrenia are demonstrated, together with recent studies on gene...

... Enteral nutrition Inflammatory bowel disease Treatment Exclusive enteral nutrition Exclusion diets Key Messages Increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease parallels the westernization of diet. According to European guidelines exclusive enteral nutrition is the first...

... Abstract Background: Idiopathic acute-on-chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract is an etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) is a nonpharmacological treatment tool for patients with IBD. Here, we present a review...

... antigen, chemoattractant factors, and recruitment of progenitor cells for tissue regeneration and induce neovascularization. It has also improved inflammatory condition and repair injured nerve. Low energy shockwave (LESW) therapy has been used clinically with musculoskeletal disorders, ischemic...

... Many inflammatory and reactive breast lesions may clinically and radiologically mimic cancer and be subjected to FNAC to exclude malignancy. Aspirates from lesions discussed in this chapter are variably characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells, which include granulocytes...

... shown to contribute significantly toward the neuroprogressive course of these disorders are inflammatory markers, such as cytokines. Cytokines have been extensively investigated, primarily in the serum of MDD and BPD patients, and these studies show cytokine abnormalities in both adolescent and adult...

.... This understanding may allow us to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory macular edema. Macular edema is one of the most common causes of permanent loss of vision in patients with uveitis. It may be present in up to 60% of patients with birdshot retinochoroiditis, sarcoidosis...

... of the concept of immune-endocrine crosstalk, which regulates bidirectional adaptive processes between the endocrine and immune systems during inflammatory or infectious processes. With the detection of innate immune system components in the normal and tumoral pituitary, including the Toll-like receptor 4...

... antagonists on nasal congestion during nasal allergic responses [ 17 ]. PAF Receptor PAF is a potent inflammatory mediator, and its actions are mediated by specific cell-surface GPCRs. It is well known that nasal hyperresponsiveness is a characteristic feature of allergic rhinitis. Nasal challenge...

... Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important class of drugs in medicine and ophthalmology. Several NSAIDs have been commercially available for many years: diclofenac, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac and suprofen. The purpose of this chapter is to review...

... ]. Alterations of the Intestinal Barrier in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Function of TNF In the intestinal mucosa, TNF-α is synthesized by various lamina propria cells, including macrophages and T cells, and by IECs themselves. To generate soluble TNF, membrane-bound TNF is cleaved off...