... and peripheral inflammation, and gut microbial composition. Finally, we conclude with clinical considerations, including possible future therapeutic interventions. Stress is the body’s physiological response to perceived demand, which can be both adaptive and maladaptive. In clinical research, stress...

... or not on a regular basis, they can be supported by antibacterial agents which are able to inhibit or kill any oral microorganisms that remain. Besides a proven effect on plaque bacteria and gingival inflammation, agents should have a high substantivity in the oral cavity that outlast the short rinsing period...

... to a reduced dynamic range of responsiveness, altered cytokine dynamics, and impaired tissue repair. Heightened inflammation influences both the dysregulation of innate immune responses as well as surrounding tissue microenvironments which have a critical role in development of a functional immune response...

... microvascular complications, loss of kidney function, CVD, infection, and death. Hyperglycemia, free fatty acids, and insulin resistance induce metabolic imbalance and DKD initiation. Inflammation is recognized to play a role in DKD pathogenesis. Our recent study indicated that angiopoietin-like protein 2...

... inflammation and, when long-lasting, the latter is considered to cause EPS. For the body, chemical stimuli are invasive. Damaged body tissues have a capacity to repair themselves. The innate immune system is known to work in response to nonspecific stimulation, and so it is well conceivable that it is active...

... Abstract Low energy extracorporeal shockwave (SW) therapy (ESWT) has been used to improve blood flow recovery and reduce inflammation in muscle and organs with ischemia/reperfusion injury. In recent decades, through cultured cell models and experimental animal studies, several intra-cellular...

... of morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients. However, traditional risk factors can only partially explain the high premature cardiovascular burden in this population. Nontraditional risk factors, including persistent low-grade inflammation, are critical in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, vascular...

... Abstract Inflammation is normally a protective and physiological response to harmful stimuli, but typically becomes an uncontrolled, maladaptive, and persistent process in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Through a deleterious cascade of poorly controlled reactions mediated...

... Abstract It has become apparent that inflammation and inflammatory reactions can evoke renal injury and promote chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Under physiological condition, intrarenal vascular distribution is heterogeneous, and medulla is hypoxic. To avoid energy deprivation...

... molecules of this metabolism, such as quinolinic acid or 3OH-kynurenine, have neurotoxic effects and seem to play a role in chronification. Studies with immune/anti-inflammatory-based therapeutic approaches show that acuity or chronicity of the inflammation influence the outcome of therapeutic interventions...

.... Along the way, we will examine the role played by glial cell dysfunction in mediating the association between inflammation and glutamate regulation. We will conclude by proposing a working model to synthesize biological data with trajectories of adverse clinical outcomes and integrate novel treatment...

... Abstract The thymus is primarily responsible for T cell production. However, it begins to recede in size and function, from early in life. This decreased generation of naive T cells during normal thymus ageing, or linked with pathology (i.e. chronic inflammation), leads to reduced T cell...

... Abstract Complex immunologic mechanisms are involved in multiple intraocular diseases. The field of immunology has aided greatly in better understanding and treating inflammation in the posterior segment. While traditional therapy has relied on drugs such as corticosteroids and antimetabolites...

..., infection and inflammation. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) represents pathologic growth of new blood vessels extending from the choroid into the subretinal or sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) space through a break in Bruch's membrane. The most common cause of CNV in older adults is age...

... Abstract Clinical and epidemiological data accumulated over the past decade strongly suggest that inflammation, certain upstream triggers of the immune system and downstream molecular mediators of inflammation, may contribute to the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior. Upstream factors include...

... Abstract Co-morbid depression and chronic pain are highly prevalent. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of chronic inflammation as a common mediator of these co-morbidities. Dysfunctional bidirectional pathways between the brain and the immune, endocrine and neurotransmitter...

... are also poorly defined. Much circumstantial experimental data point to the dysregulation of several key physiological systems, including the neuroendocrine, musculoskeletal, metabolic and immune/inflammatory systems, resulting from alterations in functional reserves. Immune dysregulation and inflammation...

... in a significant improvement in life quality. However, ultimately, we hope to identify the initial event leading to intestinal inflammation, which will hopefully indicate a more specific therapeutic approach that will allow for better life quality for more than just a subpopulation. Introduction...

... be diagnosed and treated either by pharmacological or by nonpharmacological interventions, similar to CRF. Chronic (neuro-)inflammation and chaotic (neuro-)immune signaling are up-coming biomarkers and targets for personalized treatment. Because of their proven anti-inflammatory properties, herbal remedies...