..., performance, and disease risks [ 1 ]. The term “First 1,000 Days of Life” refers to a particularly sensitive time, comprising both the 290 days of pregnancy and the first two postnatal years (2 × 365 days). During this period, environmental factors, specifically maternal and infant nutrition, have marked...

... Abstract Human milk is the optimal food for the growing infant and breastfeeding has been associated with short- and long-term benefits for both infant and mother. Human milk composition is adapted to stages of infant development from the immunologically rich colostrum to energy dense mature...

... Abstract Breastfeeding protects the infant against diseases, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Besides macro- and micronutrients, breast milk contains a range of bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, hormones and growth factors, cytokines, and antimicrobial compounds...

... Abstract Recommendations for nutrition of very preterm and very low birth weight infants have developed over time with our understanding of the requirements of preterm babies and the awareness of widespread poor postnatal growth. In general, the trend has been towards enhancing nutrition...

... in composition between breast milk and infant formula. Currently, progress in biotechnology allows the production of selected HMOs such as 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto- N -neotetraose (LNnT), which are increasingly being added to infant formulas to narrow the difference between breast milk and formula...

... on parenteral lipid emulsions. Provide guidance for multidisciplinary care in this complex, medically vulnerable population. Introduction Parenteral nutrition (PN) is critical to the survival of preterm infants as well as infants with underlying gastrointestinal pathology that prevents full enteral...

... Abstract Human milk microbes play an important role in infant health and disease. Emerging evidence shows that human milk viruses are also transmitted from the mother to the infant via breastfeeding. These viruses include eukaryotic viruses, bacterium-infecting viruses called bacteriophages...

... Abstract Stunting is a prevalent form of child undernutrition and is associated with lifelong adverse health outcomes and loss of human capital. The Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Benefits (Bangladesh and Kenya) and Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE; Zimbabwe) trials...

... Abstract Nutrition in early infancy and especially in the perinatal period of extremely premature born infants has attracted increased attention in clinical research in the last 15 years due to its great impact not only on early infant development and health but also on health in later life...

... In this session, the presenters considered the impact of human milk on clinical outcomes of term and preterm infants, incorporating aspects of growth and metabolic outcomes and cognitive, immune, and microbiome development. Ferdinand Haschke kicked off the session by reviewing the role...

... infant growth rates, which have been identified as an important risk factor for later obesity [ 1 ]. Quantity and quality of CF influence energy as well as macro- and micronutrient intakes, which both influence early growth [ 2 , 3 ]. These aspects are in turn related to the concurrent feeding, previous...

... Abstract The composition of an infant's gut microbiome can impact their immediate and long-term health. Bifdobacteria play a major role in structuring the gut microbiome of breastfed infants due to their ability to consume oligosaccharides found in human milk. However, recent studies have...

... Abstract The publication of the WHO Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) indicators in 2008 equipped the nutrition and broader development community with an invaluable tool for measuring, documenting, and advocating for faster progress in improving these practices in low- and middle-income...

... Abstract Proteins are polymers composed of 30 or more amino acids; some of them are essential dietary components, since they are not synthetized by human metabolic processes. They are crucial for healthy growth and development and influence major functions of the body. The infant's first year...

... Abstract Over 50% of all infants present with one or more functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) during the first months of life. The literature on the effect of partially hydrolyzed formula (pHF) in the management of FGIDs was reviewed. There is insufficient evidence to recommend pHFs...

... Abstract Presently, hydrolyzed formulas (HF) are used primarily in infants that cannot be exclusively breastfed, those with cow's milk allergy and for primary prevention of allergic disease, but HFs are increasingly being used worldwide, begging the question if they may be recommended...

... Abstract Women's diets often decrease with regard to amounts per meal and day as well as diversity if a household's access to food is limited. The result is a monotonous diet that, in particular, negatively affects women's nutritional status during pregnancy and lactation and, thus, the infant...

... Abstract Infant food and weaning practices are highly debated with lots of unanswered questions. It is becoming more apparent that early-life feeding may have an effect on the long-term health of humans, particularly for noncommunicable diseases such as obesity and allergic diseases...