... Abstract During wartime, in most cases, both environmental and host factors are likely to be co-responsible for commonly observed increases in tuberculosis (TB). The 2 most important risk factors are indoor overcrowding, which increases the risk of transmission, and malnutrition, which weakens...

... women selected less healthy baskets than medium-income women (less fruit and vegetables, more unhealthy products, higher ED, lower MAR). Both policies improved nutritional quality (fruit and vegetable quantities increased, ED decreased, the MAR increased), but the magnitude of the improvement was often...

... of the front during World War I (WWI) contributed to a dramatic increase in knowledge about peripheral nerve injuries. Silas Weir Mitchell's original experience with respect to these injuries, and particularly causalgia, during the American Civil War was further expanded in Europe during WWI. Following...

... reduction debates. By presenting evidence of tobacco industry success in increasing profits, building coalitions and preventing effective tobacco control policy, the chapter draws attention to the underlying political and economic factors which are crucial in understanding the tobacco epidemic...

..., the signaling cascades that arise from increases in AMP (adenosine monophosphate), nitric oxide (NO) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) are described. Evidence is provided that these signaling pathways converge with the insulin signaling cascade at: (a) aPKC (atypical protein kinase C), which signals via GTPases to remodel...

... the dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems. Through this neurochemical interaction, caffeine may improve sustained attention, increase vigilance, and reduce symptoms of fatigue. Furthermore, caffeine intake has also been suggested to reduce skeletal muscle pain and force sensation, leading to a reduction...