... Abstract Both the constantly active innate immune system and the later acting humoral defenses depend on adequate supplies of vitamins and trace elements. An array of essential micronutrients, specifically omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the vitamins A, D and E, as well as iron...

... Abstract Nutrition plays a critical role in promoting good immunity and health. One third of the population has at least one micronutrient deficiency, with higher vulnerability observed in women and children. A healthy diet is critical to guarantee an adequate micronutrient status and good...

... In the article by Perichart-Perera entitled “Nutrition and Immunity: Key Nutrients and Trends in Nutrient Supplementation in Women and Children” [Nestlé Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. Basel, Karger, 2024, vol 98, pp 48–65; DOI: 10.1159/000534994], there is an error in Table 3. In the eighth row...

... by binding to its receptors on the cell membrane to trigger various cellular signaling pathways. It is generated by a variety of cell types, including epithelial cells and immune cells. OPN appears in most body fluids, such as milk and blood, and is present at a high concentration in human milk...

... Abstract The collective loss of immune protection during aging leads to poor vaccine responses and an increased severity of infection for the elderly. Here, we review our current understanding of effects of aging on the cellular and molecular dysregulation of innate immune cells as well...

... tubulointerstitial lesions is an early manifestation of systemic leptospirosis. Leptospira may colonize and persist in the proximal tubule, leading to a carrier state that may progress to chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The innate immune system is an important modulator of the inflammatory...

... disruption may contribute to CRS by enabling the perpetual and chronic exposure of inflammatory allergens and stimuli. The sinonasal epithelial barrier plays a significant role in innate immune host defense. Mechanisms of innate immune defense include pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), secreted endogenous...

..., including the airway, gastrointestinal tract, brain and pancreas. The roles of some ‘extraoral' taste receptors are largely unknown, but emerging research suggests that bitter and sweet taste receptors in the airway are capable of sensing bacteria and modulating innate immunity. This chapter focuses...

... that exert there effects by multiple mechanisms, the more recently developed biologic immune modulators involve specific mechanisms of action with the potential to significantly reduce side effects relative to more traditional agents. Better understanding of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration...

... inflammatory response is due in part to genetic alterations in the normal homeostatic processes that regulate host interactions with the normal gut microbes. Genetic studies have identified increasing numbers of genetic risk factors that involve a diverse series of pathways such as receptors of innate immune...

... Abstract Up to 20% of cancers arise from chronic inflammation and persistent infections. Moreover, most solid tumors contain immune infiltrates. Tumor-associated inflammatory cells play broad roles in different stages of cancer development, including initiation, promotion, progression...

... epithelial barrier, and immune system development. We have recently shown that a defined mixture of 46 strains of mouse-derived Clostridium species belonging to clusters XIVa and IV affects the development and function of colonic Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in mice. Clostridium -induced Treg...

... of innate immune cells that perform critical roles in anti-pathogen immunity, regulation of inflammation and promotion of wound healing and tissue repair at barrier surfaces. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how ILC populations in the intestine and respiratory tract impact...

... Abstract Metabolic homeostasis is fundamental for the development and the survival of animals. It requires the proper functioning of pathways that control the sensing and processing of nutrients, the storage and mobilization of energy. Recent data demonstrate that energy homeostasis and immune...

... serves an innate immune sentinel function against bacterial PN by rapidly recruiting neutrophils into the infected kidney. Bacterial pyelonephritis (PN) is the most relevant kidney infection and one of the most prevalent infections worldwide. Chronic PN may cause terminal kidney failure...