... Abstract Topical antineoplastic agents have a well-established role in the treatment of several dermatological conditions. Their use in the treatment of mucosal skin disease also has gained increasing recognition. Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite, and imiquimod...

... of porokeratosis of Mibelli. Arch Dermatol 1973; 108: 131-132 32. Tyring S Conant M Marini M van der Meijden W Washenik K: Imiquimod; an international update on therapeutic uses in dermatology. Int J Dermatol 2002; 41: 810-816 33. Lacarrubba F Nasca MR Micali G: Advances in the use of topical...

... of conventional topical therapies, such as cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, or treatment with 5-fluorouracil, diclofenac, or imiquimod. Cryotherapy is recommended to treat single AK lesions (lesion-directed therapy), while topical medical therapies are used to treat multiple lesions on an entire sun-damaged...

..., cimetidine, imiquimod, isotretinoin, fluorouracil, selenium, podophyllotoxin, photodynamic therapy, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. The majority of the β-, μ- and ν-human papillomavirus (HPV) species reside in the epidermis at very low copy numbers...

... The properties of dequalinium chloride are described above in the section on antibacterial agents. Hexatidine The characteristics of hexatidine have been presented above in the section on antibacterial agents. Antiviral Topical Treatment Imiquimod Pharmacology Imiquimod is an immune response...

... with Progression from Actinic Keratosis to Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Recent clinical studies have reported that the complete regression of AK lesions can be induced in some patients through the topical application of the immunomodulators imiquimod [ 32 , 33 ]and diclofenac [ 34 . ]However, while AK can...

.... Immunomodulators such as Candida antigen, imiquimod and squaric acid stimulate cell-mediated immunity and induce production of antiviral cytokines. Proapoptotic and antiviral treatments such as podophyllin resin, podophyllotoxin gel, bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, cidofovir and interferon α interfere with the viral...

... classification schemes. Clin Dermatol 2004;22:189-196. 32. Akkilic-Materna M, Massone C, Komericki P: Imiquimod and lymphatic field clearance: a new hypothesis based on a remote immune action on skin cancer. Acta Derm Venereol 2011;91:432-435. 33. Hanke CW, Swanson N, Bruce S, et al: Complete clearance...

... of Toll-like receptor agonists. Dermatol Surg 2004; 30: 1101-1112 28. Kaspari M Gutzmer R: Application of imiquimod by suppositories (anal tampons) efficiently prevents recurrences after ablation of anal canal condyloma. Br J Dermatol 2002; 147: 757-759 29. Buck HW Guth KJ: Treatment...

... are available for the field-directed management of NMSC. They are either self-administered by the patient (ingenol mebutate, diclofenac, imiquimod or 5-FU) or administered by the dermatologist (photodynamic therapy (PDT)). This article discusses the treatment options with respect to their efficacy, tolerability...

... Treat 2006;17:179-183. 13. Berthelot C, Dickerson MC, Rady P, et al: Treatment of a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis carrying a novel EVER2 mutation with imiquimod. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:882-886. 14. Janssen K, Lucker GP, Houwing RH, van Rijssel R: Epidermodysplasia...

..., Morrell DS: Goodbye warts, hello vitiligo: Candida antigen-induced depigmentation. Pediatr Dermatol, E-pub ahead of print. 7. Sauder DN, Skinner RB, Fox TL, Owens ML: Topical imiquimod 5% cream as an effective treatment for external genital and perianal warts in different patient populations. Sex...

... Lebwohl M, Dinehart S, Whiting D, et al: Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results from two phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, vehicle-controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:714-721. 11. 11 Szeimies RM, Gerritsen MJ, Gupta G, et al: Imiquimod 5% cream...

... by biopsy and a thorough histological workup. Therapy of manifest genitoanal HPV-associated lesions has profited from the development of local immunotherapy with imiquimod and local therapy with green tea derivatives (sinecatechin) 10% (Europe) and 15% (USA). Disease recurrence is a crucial problem...

...-10 gene expression ( 39 , 40 ). The drugs A variety of synthetic compounds, immune-response modifiers (IRM), have been identified to act as agonists for TLR7 or both TLR7 and TLR8. These belong to a series of imidazoquinoline derivatives, such as imiquimod and resiquimod, but also guanosine...

..., Mann I, Sterry W, Stockfleth E: A randomised study of topical 5% imiquimod vs. topical 5-fluorouracil vs. cryosurgery in immunocompetent patients with actinic keratoses: a comparison of clinical and histological outcomes including1-year follow-up. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:34-40. 12. Jorizzo J, Weiss...

..., Apalla Z, Vrani F, Lallas A, Chovarda E, Ioannides D: Photodynamic therapy vs. imiquimod 5% cream as skin cancer preventive strategies in patients with field changes: a randomized intraindividual comparison study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015;29:325-329. 14. Gilbert DJ: Treatment of actinic...

...-dependent and -independent antiviral response. Nature 2006;439:(7073)208-11 41. Testerman TL, Gerster JF, Imbertson LM, et al: Cytokine induction by the immunomodulators imiquimod and S-27609. J Leukoc Biol 1995;58:(3)365-72 42. Chen M, Griffith BP, Lucia HL, Hsiung GD: Efficacy of S26308 against...

... is that it permits cyclical treatment of large lesional areas in one to two sessions with an excellent cosmetic outcome [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In organ transplant patients with multiple recurrent malignant lesions, the author uses imiquimod or ALA-PDT for chemoprevention. This decision is supported by Sotiriou et al...

...-PDT with imiquimod 5% cream, 1 with diclofenac in hyaluronic acid gel, and 2 with new ALA formulations. Three studies examined daylight MAL-PDT for AKs. MAL-PDT is effective as a treatment for AK lesions, especially on the face and scalp. The cosmetic outcome is excellent and superior to cryotherapy...