... Abstract The human mammary gland is an integral effector component of the common mucosal immune system. However, from physiological and immunological aspects, it displays several unique features not shared by other mucosal sites. The development, maturation, and activity of the mammary gland...

... Abstract Presently, there is no universal ‘working' classification system acceptable to all clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of patients with salivary gland neoplasms. The most recent World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Head and Neck Tumours (Salivary Glands...

... Abstract The frequency distribution of salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs) is, in decreasing order, parotid neoplasms, submandibular gland neoplasms, minor SGNs, and sublingual gland neoplasms. The larger the salivary gland (e.g. parotid), the more likely a neoplasm is benign, and the smaller...

.... Selected cases can be observed. Conservative surgical management can include partial superficial parotidectomy or extracapsular dissection. Not uncommonly, other major and minor salivary gland neoplasms, including myoepithelioma, basal cell adenoma, oncocytoma, canalicular adenoma, cystadenoma, and ductal...

... Abstract Estimating the prognosis of a patient with a rare disease like salivary gland carcinoma has always been a significant challenge for the clinician. Recent evolution in prognostic research has resulted in systems that summarize the effect of properly weighted, multivariate independent...

... Abstract For many decades, surgery has been the primary treatment for malignant submandibular gland neoplasms. Nonetheless, due to the heterogeneity and rarity of submandibular gland malignant tumors and the high frequency of chronic benign processes in this region, management can be complex...

... Abstract Malignant sublingual gland neoplasms are rare, early-stage neoplasms presenting as painless non-ulcerated masses in the antero-lateral floor of the mouth. The majority of patients present with advanced disease, with symptoms of pain or anaesthesia of the tongue. Malignant minor...

... Abstract Metastases from salivary gland carcinomas to the cervical lymph nodes are relatively uncommon. However, their impact on prognosis is significant and, thus, it is important to manage them appropriately. Treatment of clinically evident metastases consists primarily of surgery, frequently...

... Abstract There is an established role for post-operative radiotherapy in the treatment of benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. For benign disease, the addition of radiotherapy improves local tumour control in cases with incomplete excision, involved surgical margins or multi-focal...

... Abstract Salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs) in children are uncommon. Epithelial SGNs (ESGNs) comprise the majority (95%), with the remaining being mesenchymal SGNs (MeSGNs). Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently encountered benign neoplasm, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most frequent...

... Abstract Quality of life (QoL) has been recognized as an important endpoint in addition to disease-related and global survival. It is particularly important for patients with salivary gland neoplastic disease. For patients who are undergoing benign salivary gland tumor surgery, cosmetic...

... As is evident from the excellent chapters in this volume, many advances in the diagnosis and management of salivary gland neoplasms have occurred in the past several decades that have resulted in improved surgical outcomes and less morbidity. These advances have translated into improved...

..., scaling, and sterile pustulation. Pain during procedures is not an issue for pulsed light devices; reducing the energy used for red light from that used for eradication of actinic keratosis mitigates the side effects. The mechanism of action is thought to include apoptosis of sebaceous glands (SGs...

... Abstract The three most frequently diagnosed salivary gland diseases are salivary gland infections, sialolithiasis and mucoceles. Salivary gland infections are usually of bacterial or viral etiology and can be divided into acute and chronic types. Occasionally they can result from obstruction...

... Abstract The embryonic development of the pituitary gland involves a complex and highly spatio-temporally regulated network of integrating signalling molecules and transcription factors. Genetic mutations in any of these factors can lead to congenital hypopituitarism in association with a wide...

... Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows a detailed and precise anatomical study of the pituitary gland by differentiating between the anterior and posterior pituitary lobes. The identification of posterior pituitary hyperintensity, now considered a marker of neurohypophyseal functional...

...References References 1. Holsinger FC, Bui DT: Anatomy, function, and evaluation of the salivary glands. (eds) Myers EN, Ferris RL: Salivary Gland Disorders Berlin, Springer, 2007;1-16 2. Granick MS, Hanna DC, 3rd: Surgical management of salivary gland disease. (eds) Grannick MS, Hanna...

... medications and transdermal patches, botulinum injection, and various forms of surgical ligation or excision of the major salivary glands. In this chapter, the authors describe the surgical management of sialorrhea, highlighting surgical pearls necessary for success. Abstract Sialorrhea affects...

... Abstract The adrenal gland is formed by the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. Both tissues descend from different origins during embryonal development. While the chromaffin cells are derived from the neural crest, the adrenocortical cells stem from a cell condensation in the celomic...