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Book Chapter
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 193
Published: 08 February 2018
10.1159/000484956
EISBN: 978-3-318-06311-0
... in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Since the (re)-establishment and optimization of hemodynamics with adequate intravascular volume, cardiac output and perfusion pressure are the only effective therapeutic interventions in patients with decreased GFR [ 2 ], early identification and diagnosis is crucial...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 188
Published: 18 May 2016
10.1159/000445469
EISBN: 978-3-318-05884-0
... Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis and staging are based on estimated or calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinalysis and kidney structure at renal imaging techniques. Ultrasound (US) has a key role in evaluating both morphological changes (by means of B-Mode...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 174
Published: 15 September 2011
10.1159/000329229
EISBN: 978-3-8055-9811-8
... Abstract The mechanisms involved in reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in prerenal and intrarenal acute kidney injury (AKI) are not mutually exclusive and prerenal mechanisms continue to play a role in the pathogenesis of established intrarenal AKI. In nearly all forms of AKI...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 170
Published: 08 June 2011
10.1159/000324941
EISBN: 978-3-8055-9743-2
... in a sequence of stages beginning with initial increases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and intraglomerular capillary pressure (P Gc ), glomerular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria [ 4 , 5 ]. Poor glycemic control and elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) further exacerbate the disease progression...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 174
Published: 15 September 2011
10.1159/000329246
EISBN: 978-3-8055-9811-8
... considered secondary to tubular injury, which, in turn, has been considered secondary to renal ischemia. This belief is curious because the hallmark of septic AKI and AKI in general is the loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It would seem logical, therefore, to focus on the glomerulus in trying...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 192
Published: 08 February 2018
10.1159/000484275
EISBN: 978-3-318-06251-9
... diseases such as lithiasis, gout nephropathy, and preeclampsia. In the last 30 years, it has been shown that reducing HyU with low protein and low purine diets in addition to allopurinol creates physiopathological conditions that produce a slight increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In recent...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 192
Published: 08 February 2018
10.1159/000484284
EISBN: 978-3-318-06251-9
... is a strong predictor of DN progression. Two small, short-term, proof-of-concept clinical trials in which a minority of the patients had diabetes suggested that reduction of UA with allopurinol could decrease the rate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) loss in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 190
Published: 29 May 2017
10.1159/000468915
EISBN: 978-3-318-06061-4
... cellular and organ dysfunction observed in patients affected by inherited disorders of P metabolism [ 1 ]. On the contrary, hyperphosphatemia is accepted as a late consequence of advanced kidney disease, starting from glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lower than 30 mL/min [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. High circulating...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 172
Published: 01 September 2011
10.1159/000328764
EISBN: 978-3-8055-9795-1
... tubule acidification in settings of chronically reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as in chronic kidney disease. ETs also contribute pathophysiologically to the increased kidney acidification in some forms of chronic metabolic alkalosis. In addition, chronically increased ET activity in the kidney...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 165
Published: 04 May 2010
10.1159/000313774
EISBN: 978-3-8055-9473-8
... by means of CPC-MRI in 2 critically ill patients with septic acute kidney injury and were able to compare such measurements to those obtained in a normal volunteer. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an abrupt and sustained decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In the intensive...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 178
Published: 30 May 2012
10.1159/000337836
EISBN: 978-3-318-02163-9
... levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) . GFR reduction has also been associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers [ 10 ]. In this context vitamin D may be a key modulator of the immune response and of the antimicrobial peptide pathway [ 11 ]. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 199
Published: 17 December 2021
10.1159/000517708
EISBN: 978-3-318-06937-2
... of the aged kidney is nephrosclerosis such as arteriosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. As a consequence of renal aging, the nephron number decreases. A lower nephron number approximately parallels with the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and GFR declines...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 192
Published: 08 February 2018
10.1159/000484287
EISBN: 978-3-318-06251-9
...]) and renal impairment were defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration formula >130/120, <90 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , and proteinuria were measured in 18- to 25-year-old students (total n = 5,531). Adjusted ORs by sex were calculated using logistic regression. Results...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 199
Published: 17 December 2021
10.1159/000517703
EISBN: 978-3-318-06937-2
... and progresses to macroalbuminuria. Proteinuria is responsible for the progression to chronic kidney disease in some patients with SCD with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased due to interactions between various processes involving the vascular, glomerular, tubular, and interstitial compartments...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 174
Published: 15 September 2011
10.1159/000329027
EISBN: 978-3-8055-9811-8
... in various patterns. The reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may be transient albeit severe, as observed in massive volume depletion, but can be rapidly corrected by appropriate therapy. It may be more persistent in diseases of organs distant from the kidney such as congestive heart failure [ 3...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 188
Published: 18 May 2016
10.1159/000445460
EISBN: 978-3-318-05884-0
... of subsequent CKD. Definitions The definition of acute renal failure (ARF) is usually used to describe a syndrome in which the rapid fall of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determines retention of nitrogen catabolites with water and electrolyte imbalance and alteration in acid-base status. Loss of GFR...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 187
Published: 12 February 2016
10.1159/000442364
EISBN: 978-3-318-05826-0
... of fluid, whereby using serum creatinine changes to reflect acute changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will be difficult or impossible. Certain patient populations have been shown to be more susceptible to AKI, such as those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus, malignancies...
Book Chapter
Series: Contributions to Nephrology
Volume: 161
Published: 30 May 2008
10.1159/000129755
EISBN: 978-3-8055-8567-5
... Abstract Patients who reach the end-stage phase of renal disease (ESRD) display an exceedinglyhigh risk for cardiovascular (CV) complications. However it is still unclear whether in patientswith chronic kidney disease (CKD) a critical glomerular filtration rate (GFR) threshold existsbelow which...