... Infant formula Follow-up formula Foods for special medical purposes Therapeutic diets Young child formula Key Messages Infants who cannot receive sufficient amounts of human breast milk need safe infant formula of high quality as a breast milk substitute. Infant formula...

... of sunscreen formulas. Photochem Photobiol. 1979;29:559–66. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07090.x 6. Atkins P, de Paula J. Physical chemistry. 10th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014. 7. Mayerhöfer TG, Mutschke H, Popp J. Employing theories far beyond their limits: the case of the (Bouguer...

... Abstract Dietary supplementation with bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) concentrates has recently emerged as a possible means to improve the health of infants and young children. Formula-fed infants are of special interest since infant formulas traditionally have lower concentrations...

... Abstract Over 50% of all infants present with one or more functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) during the first months of life. The literature on the effect of partially hydrolyzed formula (pHF) in the management of FGIDs was reviewed. There is insufficient evidence to recommend pHFs...

... Abstract Presently, hydrolyzed formulas (HF) are used primarily in infants that cannot be exclusively breastfed, those with cow's milk allergy and for primary prevention of allergic disease, but HFs are increasingly being used worldwide, begging the question if they may be recommended...

... Infant formula Follow-up formula Soy protein formula Protein hydrolysate formula Thickened formula Key Messages • Infant formula is required as a substitute for breast milk for infants who are not fully breastfed • Infant formula must satisfy all the nutritional needs...

... Abstract Human milk feeding of preterm infants reduces mortality and morbidity (in particular sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis). When their own mother's milk is not available, and in the absence of donor milk, such fragile infants must be fed formula. In many instances, preterm infant...

... be an additional arm in the multifaceted shield that breastfed infants have developed against bacterial and viral antagonists. All these findings have implications for development of improved infant formulae. Introduction Lactation is a complex and very dynamic physiological process. Initially, very small...

... Abstract The growth pattern of formula-fed infants is quite different from that of breastfedinfants. There may be several reasons for this difference, ranging from differentendocrine responses to feeding and the presence of growth factors in breast milk todifferent control of food intake...

... and growth because breastfeeding has beenshown to be associated with a reduced risk of obesity in later life. During the first 6–8weeks of life there is little difference in growth (gain in weight and length) betweenbreast- and formula-fed infants. However, from about 2 months of age to the end of thefirst...

... Abstract The development of infant formula with optimized protein quality and quantity hasbeen, and still is, the subject of intense investigation. A better understanding of theprotein composition of breast milk and infant needs in association with technologicalbreakthroughs in cow’s milk...

.... Recently, two efforts were made to incorporate growth factors into infant formulas. One of these efforts included the incorporation of IGF-1, and the second is an ongoing effort to evaluate the safety and efficacy of incorporating insulin into infant formulas. The rational and current evidence for adding...

... in composition between breast milk and infant formula. Currently, progress in biotechnology allows the production of selected HMOs such as 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto- N -neotetraose (LNnT), which are increasingly being added to infant formulas to narrow the difference between breast milk and formula...

... the 19th century, reasonably safe breast milk substitutes started to be developed. Successively, these were developed into modern infant formulas during the 20th century using human milk composition as reference and cow’s milk as protein source. Even with a composition similar to human milk...