... Abstract Eating behavior and food preferences are shaped in early life and contribute to lifelong food choices. Much of the current dietary advice for infants and toddlers focuses on the nutritional quality of foods, with less emphasis on food sensory qualities. However, exposure to age...

... Abstract Black skin, compared with white skin, is generally assumed to be more resistant to the consequences of sun exposure due to its epidermal melanin content. However, recent scientific evidence shows that black skin is not completely impervious to sunlight. Both clinical and ­experimental...

.... Dietary vitamin D (D 2 as well as D 3 ) entering the bloodstream from the small intestine is biologically inactive. The same is valid for vitamin D 3 in serum, produced in the skin by UVB exposure. After linking to a vitamin D 3 binding protein in the skin, vitamin D 3 goes to blood ­circulation...

... Abstract Psychosocial stress, driven by a variety of sources and influences, can be ubiquitous in our modern society. Prolonged exposure to these stressors can have detrimental biological and psychological effects; extant findings in childhood adversity indicate that the cumulative effects...

... Abstract Antibiotics are often prescribed inappropriately to infants and young children, with potentially adverse effects on the developing gut microbiota and related metabolic processes. We review evidence from 17 epidemiologic studies suggesting that antibiotic exposure during critical...

..., and HIV. The risk of infection depends on the following triad: microbial pathogen and its aggressiveness, individual resistance of the tattooed, and inoculation and exposures by the tattoo needle and in the tattoo parlor. Some infectious risks can be controlled. Persons with weaknesses can refrain from...

... = 0.32). The association was somewhat stronger for UC (OR 2.24, p < 0.01) than for CD (OR 1.56, p = 0.15). These data support the hypothesis that changes in environmental exposures that result from emigration may influence the risk of developing IBD. The changing incidence of IBD during the last...

..., to eliminate any chemicals that may be strong contact sensitizers or irritants. Contact sensitization potential is evaluated by applying a quantitative exposure assessment to each ingredient or component to determine if the extent of the expected exposure is likely to pose any risk of contact sensitization...

... inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and remodeling. Animal modelsof asthma utilizing ovalbumin (OVA) exposure have afforded us considerable insight withrespect to the mediators and cell types involved in allergic airway inflammation. However,OVA preparations and HDM are two vastly different materials...

... Abstract In the workplace, repeated skin exposure to a combination of irritants either simultaneouslyor one after the other is frequent. Therefore, assessing the efficacy of skin protectionproducts only against single irritants is far from the daily life situation. We studied the interactionof...