.... Breastfeeding is strongly recommended, and for preterm infants the European Society for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) suggests fortifying breastmilk after discharge up to term in appropriate growing infants and up to 3 months in growth-retarded infants. If breastfeeding is not possible...

... Abstract Functional outcome of preterm infants is highly related to the quality and quantity of nutrients provided during the first few weeks of life. New guidelines, as published by the ESPGHAN in 2010, have provided means to prevent undernutrition in the NICU. Especially proteins and amino...

...References References 1. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition; Agostoni C, Braegger C, Decsi T, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, et al. Breast-feeding: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49(1):112–25. 2. Prell C, Koletzko B. Breastfeeding...

...References References 1. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition; Agostoni C, Axelson I, Colomb V, Goulet O, Koletzko B, et al. The need for nutrition support teams in pediatric units: a commentary by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41(1):8–11. 2. Koletzko B...

...References References 1. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition; Agostoni C, Braegger C, Decsi T, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, Mihatsch W, Moreno LA, Puntis J, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Turck D, van Goudoever J: Breast-feeding: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr...

.... Washington, 2009; 3. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition: Agostoni C, Braegger C, Decsi T, et al: Breast-feeding: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49:112-125 4. Koletzko B, von Kries R, Closa R, et al: Can infant feeding choices modulate later obesity...

.... 6. Agostoni C, Decsi T, Fewtrell M, Goulet O, Kolacek S, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, Moreno L, Puntis J, Rigo J, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Turck D, van Goudoever J; ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition: Complementary feeding: A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr...

... and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition: The nutritional and safety assessment of breast milk substitutes and other dietary products for infants: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001;32:256-258 12. Aggett P, Agostoni C, Axelsson I, Goulet O, Hernell O...

... by an International Expert Group co-ordinated by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) [ 3 ] (table 1 ). Table 1 Compositional requirements of infant formulae proposed by an international expert group co-ordinated by the ESPGHAN Optional Ingredients...

.... Agostoni C, Braegger C, Decsi T, et al: ESPGHAN Committee-on-Nutrition: Breast-feeding: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49:112-125 19. Aggett PJ, Agostini C, Goulet O, et al: ESPGHAN-Committee-on-Nutrition: The nutritional and safety assessment...

.... 2015;30:44–58. 11. Bronsky J, Campoy C, Braegger C. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: vitamins. Clin Nutr. 2018;37:2366–78. 12. Moyses HE, Johnson MJ, Leaf AA, Cornelius VR. Early parenteral nutrition and growth outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review...

... for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49:498-547. 2. Kawahara H, Dent J, Davidson G: Mechanisms responsible for gastroesophageal reflux in children. Gastroenterology 1997;113:399-408. 3. Dodds WJ, Dent J, Hogan WJ, et al: Mechanisms...

... in the PEPaNIC trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(6):475–83. 13. van Goudoever JB, Carnielli V, Darmaun D, Sainz de Pipaon M. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: amino acids. Clin Nutr. 2018;37:2315–23. 14. Mesotten D, Joosten K, van Kempen A, Verbruggen S. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR...

... (GINI) study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(6):1565–73. 12. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition; Agostoni C, Axelsson I, Goulet O, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, et al. Soy protein infant formulae and follow-on formulae: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr...

...References References 1. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition, Aggett PJ, Agostoni C, et al: Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;42:596-603. 2. Haschke F, Haiden N, Detzel P, et al: Feeding...

...References References 1. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition; Aggett PJ, Agostoni C, Axelsson I, De Curtis M, Goulet O, et al. Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;42:596–603. 2. Lapillonne...

...References References 1. Braeger C, Decsi T, Dias JA, Hartman C, Kolaček S, Koletzko B, et al. Practical approach to pediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51:110–2. 2. Axelrod D, Kazmerski K, Iyer K. Pediatric...

...References References 1. Aggett PJ, Agostoni C, Goulet O, Hernell, O, Koletzko B, Lafeber HL. The nutritional and safety assessment of breast milk substitutes and other dietary products for infants: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;32:256...

...References References 1. Aggett PJ, Agostoni C, Goulet O, Hernell O, Koletzko B, Lafeber HL, Michaelsen KF, Rigo J, Weaver LT: The nutritional and safety assessment of breast milk substitutes and other dietary products for infants: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr...

... ). Table 1 Components of HM and various preterm formulas Fluid Intake and Energy Content The European Society for Paediatric Gastoenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) regards 135 ml/kg as the minimum fluid volume and 200 ml/kg as a reasonable upper limit of daily fluid intake [ 2...