... (CA1-CA3). The other regions that together comprise the hippocampal formation consist of the dentate gyrus, the subicular complex, and the entorhinal cortex. Based on its extrinsic connectivity, the hippocampal formation receives a vast amount of highly processed multimodal sensory information...

... entorhinal cortex: a cytoarchitectonic analysis. J Comp Neurol 1995;355:171-198. 18. Braak E, Braak H, Mandelkow EM: A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Acta Neuropathol 1994;87:554-567. 19. Carboni AA, Lavelle WG, Barnes CL...

... of place cells are not completely known, it is likely that they receive convergent synaptic input from the entorhinal cortex. This area, in turn, receives polymodal sensory information from many different brain regions. In this way, the hippocampus is ‘instructed' about the context (spatial, visual...

... the dentate gyrus, hippocampus (CA3, CA2, CA1), subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, and entorhinal cortex (fig. 1 ). Each of these structures contains a number of different cell types and different sets of intrinsic connections, as well as interconnections with other brain regions, both of which exhibit...

... over a very long period (e.g. memory of a fourth birthday for an octogenarian) and has been related with hippocampus and adjacent cortex including entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal gyri [ 6 ]. Declarative memory requires conscious encoding and recall; it comprehends episodic and semantic...

... and microsmatic animals such as dolphins and whales. As often in biological sciences, concepts related to standard technologies have to be revised once more sensitive techniques become available. Better staining conditions in the late 20th century provided evidence that the entorhinal cortex in rodents receives...

...), the entorhinal area (EA), and a narrow part, the subiculum (S). 1 = Prehippocampal rudiment; 2 = indusium griseum; 3 = cornu ammonis; 4 = gyrus dentatus; 5 = fimbria; 6 = uncal apex; 7 = band of Giacomini; 8 = uncinatus gyrus; 9 = ambient gyrus; 10 = semilunar gyrus. The hippocampus is arc shaped...

... effects upon memory [ 26 ]. Stress hormones have also been proved to exert a modulatory function within the brain by changing the structure of hippocampal neurons. The entorhinal cortex is generally subdivided into two subdivisions characterized by different input-output connectivity. For example...

... correlated with level of cognition [ 55 ]. Cortical atrophy in AD is particularly evident in the medial temporal lobe structures, including the hippocampal and entorhinal cortices and with consequent enlargement of the temporal horns of the lateral ventricles. While frontal and parietal regions are also...

... and age-related brain disease, Small et al. [ 20 ] have been able to demonstrate, using human and nonhuman primate species, that memory decline is different in aging than in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is mediated by damage to different hippocampal structures in each condition, e.g. the entorhinal...

... Psychiatry 1998;43:60-68 24. Pennanen C, Kivipelto M, Tuomainen S, Hartikainen P, Hanninen T, Laakso MP, et al: Hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in mild cognitive impairment and early AD. Neurobiol Aging 2004;25:303-310 25. Teipel SJ, Pruessner JC, Faltraco F, Born C, Rocha-Unold M, Evans A, et al...

... the contributions of different medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures such as the hippocampal region (CA1-3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) and the adjacent entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. Today, our understanding of the MTL system and the role of subcomponents in specific forms of memory...

... of the entorhinal cortex and the inferior temporal gyrus or the frontal lobe. Table 2 describes disorders causing hippocampal atrophy, and figure 3 depicts an example of a patient with temporal atrophy in semantic dementia. Table 2 Neurological disorders causing hippocampal atrophy Fig. 3 MRI...

..., Boyle PA, Schneider JA, Bennett DA: Neurodegenerative basis of cognitive decline in old age. Neurology 2010;75:1070-1078 85. Mufson EJ, Chen EY, Cochran EJ, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Kordower JH: Entorhinal cortex ß-amyloid load in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Exp Neurol 1999;158:469...

... focused on the entorhinal cortex. It is thought to be affected by the neurodegenerative process of AD at a particularly early stage. Cross-sectional studies have shown that entorhinal cortex volumetry is unlikely to provide any additional benefit over hippocampus volume in identifying patients...

... in the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression: absence of significant astrocytosis. Brain Res Bull 2001;55:611-618. 20. Steiner J, Mawrin C, Ziegeler A, Bielau H, Ullrich O, et al: Distribution of HLA-DR-positive microglia in schizophrenia reflects impaired cerebral...