... aspects of dental caries have the greatest impact on well-being. How these measures were developed follows a standardized process of development and testing, with the ultimate aim of the entire process being that they be used in clinical dentistry, dental epidemiology, and health services research...

... Abstract Lip tattooing for cosmetic or medical purposes is a difficult operation with indications and contraindications. Lips have a refined microanatomy and many functions ranging from aesthetics and mimics supporting facial expressions to entirely biological functions such as supporting oral...

... impact of a disfigured nipple and areola can invalidate self-esteem of the sufferer lifelong with major consequences for social life. Medical tattooing can often restore the visual appearance of the nipple-areolar complex back to normality and even improve the 3D impression of the entire breast. High...

... as a constant vertical force on the face and entire body and results over years in gravitational lines, furrows and “hanging” skin. The sun creates its own pattern of disturbed linearity, photodamage lines and patterns that overrule the minute triangular linearity, with accumulation of elastotic material...

... the sensory (including pain) information from the entire half of the face undergoes primary processing in a very compact and clearly defined entity. Moreover, GG is positioned in a completely immobile intradural location (the Meckel’s cave) and is insulated from the brain by a layer of dura. As a confluence...

... Abstract The right course for a person’s health later in life is set during pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood. A healthy lifestyle at this sensitive stage of life has a significantly positive impact on the health of a mother, her child, and the entire family for the long term. In Germany...

... Abstract A woman is born with her life-time supply of eggs, and these are surrounded by a group of cells, the follicular cells, which form the ovarian follicles. The ovarian follicles will determine a woman’s entire reproductive lifespan (presence of menstrual cycles and length of fertility...

... Abstract Canaloplasty is a new nonperforating surgical technique for open-angle glaucoma, in which a microcatheter is inserted within Schlemm's canal for the entire 360°. A 10-0 prolene suture, which is tied to the distal tip of the microcatheter, is then positioned and left tensioned...

... to alleviate the detrimental consequences of obesity and promote optimal health outcomes across the entire life cycle. Introduction Globesity is a term which consists of two parts, global and obesity, to imply the global rise of obesity, i.e., the obesity worldwide epidemic. This term was coined...

... Abstract Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide. In addition to local harmful effects of tobacco smoke, it exerts dramatic systemic effects in the entire body. In this chapter, we summarize the evidence of the diseases caused by smoking, with particular emphasis...

... of conventional topical therapies, such as cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, or treatment with 5-fluorouracil, diclofenac, or imiquimod. Cryotherapy is recommended to treat single AK lesions (lesion-directed therapy), while topical medical therapies are used to treat multiple lesions on an entire sun-damaged...

... Abstract Over the past three decades the world has come to witness an ominous and entirely new form of gender discrimination: sex-selective feticide, implemented through the practice of surgical abortion with the assistance of information gained through prenatal gender determination technology...

... tumors, with a high metastatic risk, presenting loss of the entire chromosome 3 and gain of the entire 8q, related to the formation of isochromosomes. Genome-wide expression profiling has proved to be a powerful tool for separating these 2 classes. However, despite advances in the genomic and prognostic...

... Abstract The antimicrobial peptide is one of major effectors of the innate immunity, and is common in the entire multicellular organisms. In mammals, one family of antibacterial peptide named defensins plays a central role in host defense, especially in the epithelial surface such as oral...

... Abstract The goal of middle ear exploration in stapes surgery is to identify impairments of functionalong the entire ossicular chain. The endaural approach with an extended tympanomeatalflap and an almost routinely performed anterosuperior canalplasty allow adequateexposure to identify...

... the diffuse component peaks in the UVAI-blue region of the spectrum, with the infrared component comprising almost entirely direct radiation. Several factors impact on the magnitude and spectral profile of terrestrial solar spectral irradiance, and these include solar elevation, reflection from land and sea...

... made of rib cartridge above the malleus-incus complex. Create the eardrum with free fascia. (6) Cover the newly reconstructed entire bony EAC with the pedicled DTF flap. Carefully continue enlargement toward the aditus ad antrum to identify the short arm of the incus. When the short arm is found...

... strategies, resulting oncological outcome, and prognostic factors modifying the final treatment results. The current treatment of choice remains surgical resection with a curative intent, using the least invasive approach that allows for removal of the entire tumor with negative margins, supplemented...

..., they are not adequately prepared to deal with common nutrition-related challenges in practice. The majority of all accredited US medical schools require <25 h of nutrition instruction across the entire 4-year curriculum and a few still fail to require any nutrition education at all. Medical schools in other countries...