... because the patients' reduced glomerular filtration rate results in the accumulation of certain drugs and/or their metabolites. Although recommended oral antidiabetic agents for patients with CKD differ between countries, all of the currently available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors can be used...

...: dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors inhibit the degradation of the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucosedependent insulinotropic peptide. The DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin are orally active and have been shown to be efficacious and safe. They reduce hemoglobin A1c...

... of these metabolic functions has led to the notion that incretin hormones, and specifically GLP-1, would represent ideal antidiabetic treatment options. As native GLP-1 is degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase type 4 (DPP-4) within minutes, other pharmacological approaches to exploit GLP-1 actions for the treatment...

... dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4), which cleaves and inactivates the peptide GLP-1 at the N-terminus [ 5 ]. Around the turn of the millennium, the physiological and pharmacological effects of GLP-1 were utilized for type 2 diabetes therapy and resulted in the introduction of two novel drug classes...

... recently reported a comprehensive analysis of the adipo-vascular axis and identified more than 30 adipokines being associated with CVD [ 7 ]. In the current chapter, we decided to focus on a small selection of novel adipokines with a potentially very strong link to CVD, such as dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4...

... glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 [GLP-1(7-36) amide] and its metabolites, GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and analogues, and of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) therapies. Biology of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Its Receptor GLP-1 is a peptide hormone synthesized in and secreted...

... by Cambio, Cambridge, UK) in cell nuclei (blue, DAPI). Overview ( a ) and detail ( b ) of sex chromosomes in an adult 40,XY* mouse. Overview ( c ) and detail ( d ) of a pubertal 41,XX Y * mouse (21 dpp), presenting 1 Y and 2 X chromosomes in the cell nuclei. The 41,XX Y * mouse model also resembles...

..., such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues, were used. There are 5 large randomized clinical trials that examine the impact of intensive glycaemic control on cardiovascular events in diabetes (Table 1...

... control, and the possible perinatal, immediate, and long-term newborns consequences. Others drugs used for type 2 diabetes (i.e., glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, acarbose) could be potentially useful for the treatment of GDM. The problem is always the passage through...

... disease. New possibilities are representedby incretin mimetic compounds, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, inhaled insulinand eventually oral insulin. ...

... control: potential implications in cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2013;226:305-314. 11. Fadini GP, Avogaro A: Cardiovascular effects of DPP-4 inhibition: beyond GLP-1. Vascul Pharmacol 2011;55:10-16. 12. Ta NN, Li Y, Schuyler CA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y: DPP-4 (CD26) inhibitor...

..., cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Experimental approaches and treatment of patients with GLP-1 analogs as well as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, which inhibit the endopeptidase that rapidly degrades GIP and GLP-1, underscore the multiple beneficial effects mediated by GLP-1, beyond blood...

... was not designed to analyze specific components, patients who did vigorous leisure-time physical activities had a significantly reduced risk of diabetes [ 2 ]. The largest and most comprehensive lifestyle modification study was the US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) which randomized 3,234 overweight adults...

... practice. Curr Drug Metab 2011;12:57-69. 14. Chacra A, Gantz I, Mendizabal G, Durlach L, O'Neill EA, Zimmer Z, Suryawanshi S, Engel SS, Lai E: A randomised, double-blind, trial of the safety and efficacy of omarigliptin (a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor) in subjects with type 2 diabetes and renal...

... and low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity following treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin: a pilot study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2013;13:443-450. 19. Fujita H, Taniai H, Murayama H, et al: DPP-4 inhibition with alogliptin on top of angiotensin II...

... of which was the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP, n = 3,234) from the United States. The length of follow-up in these studies ranged from 3 to 6 years. Goals for the lifestyle interventions typically included a sustained weight loss of 5-7%, a reduction in kilojoule, alcohol, fat and sugar intake...

...-quality studies before 2009 are reviewed when appropriate. In addition, though exercise training responses are of the greatest importance to this review, investigations of lifestyle interventions that include exercise or support increased physical activity (e.g. Diabetes Prevention Program, DPP; Look...

... by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). In contrast to native GLP-1, exendin-4, a GLP-1R agonist originally isolated from the venom of the gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) , exhibits a greatly enhanced half-life due to relative resistance to DPP-IV degradation. Accordingly, DPP-IV-resistant GLP-1 analogs...