Search Results for dna

... Abstract Epigenetics can be defined as stable, potentially heritable changes in cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than alterations in the underlying DNA sequence. DNA methylation is amongst the most intensely studied epigenetic mechanisms and has been shown to play a major role...

... Abstract Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer entity dominated by DNA copy number alterations. Distinct recurrent patterns of chromosomal aberrations (i.e. deletions 1p, 3p and 11q and 17q gain) have been linked to prognosis and have been the subject of many studies in the search for driver...

.... This chapter focuses on the importance of novel biomarkers: microRNA and microRNA inhibitors; DNA methylation and epigenetics, and immunotherapy and virotherapy to develop novel treatments for NETs. Novel Biomarkers Our understanding of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) biology and treatments has changed...

... Abstract All living cells, including tissue-specific stem cells, are constantly exposed to DNA damage, such as altered DNA bases and DNA double-strand breaks. Experimental evidence suggests that DNA damage checkpoint genes not only influence stem cell function in response to DNA damage but also...

... Abstract A multitude of sources induce lesions in cellular DNA. If left unrepaired, these DNA damages have the potential to trigger mutations and chromosomal aberrations that can initiate carcinogenesis. Cellular surveillance systems sense the presence of DNA damage and induce DNA damage...

... Abstract Many people all over the world suffer from allergic rhinitis, induced by Th2 responses. CpG DNA, containing a central unmethylated C-G dinucleotide, promotes Th1 responses. Consequently, Th2 responses decrease. Systemic administration of CpG DNA could attenuate allergic rhinitis...

... Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that the accumulation of DNA damage contributes to organismal aging. Telomere dysfunction, replication errors and toxic metabolites (possibly including reactive oxygen species) represent some of the causes contributing to DNA damage accumulation during...

... Abstract We present an overview of comparative genomics of ATP-dependent DNA packagingsystems of viruses. Several distinct ATPase motors and accessory proteins have been identifiedin DNA-packaging systems of viruses such as terminase-portal systems, the φ29-likepackaging apparatus...

... at the DNA level. While theformation of chimeric genes has been shown to be an important way in which coding regionsof the genome evolve, many of the detailed studies have been limited to chimeric genesformed through retroposition events (through an RNA intermediate step). Here we provide ashort review...

... (Cr-PdG), is formed from thereaction of acetaldehyde and DNA. We compare the mechanism of formation and biologicalproperties of this adduct with another, well known acetaldehyde-DNA adduct, N 2 -ethyl-dG,and describe how the genotoxic properties of the Cr-PdG adduct can explain many of theknown...

... Abstract Oxidative damage to DNA has been examined in many non-malignant conditions, inmost cases for its utility as a marker of oxidative stress. Whilst this may prove useful,attempts to answer the question - why might oxidative damage be important in this disease? -would provide added value...