... Abstract Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is being investigated as a treatmentof psychiatric disorders. This chapter reviews publications of the treatment of anxiety disorders:obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder(PD...

... Abstract The first surgical procedures for abnormal movement disorders began in the 1930s, when surgeons first proposed ablative techniques of the caudate nucleus or transection of motor (pyramidal) pathways to reduce involuntary movements in patients with Parkinson's related tremor. During...

... Abstract Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a brain disorder, characterized by the dream enactment during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep due to a lack of physiologic muscle atonia and increased muscle twitching. Schenk was the first to describe this disorder in 1986; however...

... Abstract This chapter is aimed at highlighting the recent findings concerning physiopathology, diagnosis, and management of conversion, factitious disorder, and malingering. Conversion disorder is the unintentional production of neurological symptom, whereas malingering and factitious disorder...

... Abstract Treatment refractoriness remains one of the biggest challenges in the field of bipolar disorder (BD) as treatments are often suboptimal or unsatisfactory. Recent evidence points towards a potential link between the progressively evolving nature of BD, increased inflammation...

... Abstract Traditionally, the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been largely considered from the perspective of the state of major depressive episodes (MDE) versus being in remission, but the current accumulation of disease markers, largely acquired cross-sectionally...

... Abstract During the 20th century, the management of war-related psychological trauma shifted from neurology to psychiatry. After September 11, 2001, the French forces participated in a multinational force deployed in Afghanistan to fight against terrorism. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD...

... Abstract In this article, the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders (in particular generalized anxiety disorder) and pain conditions is described, characteristics of chronic pain are explained, and data on the prevalence of co-comorbidity of both conditions are reviewed. Further, hypotheses...

... Abstract Pain processing in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is abnormal primarily with respect to pain thresholds which are typically elevated or perception of phasic nociceptive stimuli which is reduced. In spite of this common finding, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), often...

...-term sequelae protracted to postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder and the pathologic diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The pathway from head injury to neurodegeneration and its associated clinical sequelae has recently been linked to a unifying cause known...

... as a movement disorder, the presenting signs of illness are often unrelated. Although this chapter will discuss the motor indications of HD, the main focus will be on those areas pertinent to a treating psychiatrist, and specifically the cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric manifestations of the disease...

... Abstract Multiple observations indicate that environmental and epigenetic factors play an important role in the emergence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Growing ASD incidence rates, the incomplete penetrance of many rare variants linked to autism, and increased exposure to environmental...

... Abstract In cases of severe penile inadequacy, such as in pathological conditions involving penile amputation (e.g. penile cancer), or in 46,XY disorders of sex development with severe undervirilization or maldevelopment of the penis (e.g. idiopathic micropenis, cloacal exstrophy), standard...

... Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness characterised by transitions between manic and depressive episodes. Diagnosis of BD is based on subjective clinical evaluation and, consequently, quite difficult, due to the oscillating character of the disease. Increasing accuracy...

... effects of FGF will have to be explored as well, given that FGF-2 infusion in rats causes glomerulosclerosis [ 112 ], and FGF receptors such as R4 are expressed in kidney biopsies of patients with glomerular disorders [ 113 ]. Lipids Dyslipidemia is a characteristic feature of DKD and serum lipids...

... Abstract Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is chiefly characterized by a cognitive focus on threats and risks towards the individual and/or the immediate family. It is accompanied by a sense of tension, worry, muscle pain, disturbed sleep and irritability. The condition impairs work capacity...