... Abstract The concept of monogenic diabetes emerged 25 years ago with a paper reporting the glucokinase locus linkage to maturity-onset diabetes of the young, an autosomal dominant disorder of glucose metabolism. Since then a huge leap forward has been made with the discovery of other clinical...

... Abstract Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema result from chronic damage to the neurovascular structures of the retina. The pathophysiology of retinal damage remains uncertain but includes metabolic and neuroinflammatory insults. These mechanisms are addressed by intensive metabolic...

... Abstract Offspring of women with pregravid diabetes face a 3- to 5-fold increased risk for congenital malformations and growth disturbances. The mechanisms behind this increased risk are likely to be multifactorial and, at present, not fully understood. Glucose is identified as an important...

... Abstract Diabetes technology is an evolving field. The research started with the development of blood glucose meters for patient self-testing and the introduction of insulin pen injection devices. Modern devices employ new technological features, such as the use of computer simulations...

... Abstract Diabetes and cancer are common conditions, affecting 384 million and 33 million people worldwide, respectively. Therefore, there is great potential for overlap, with people with diabetes also developing cancer and vice versa. However, people with diabetes may be at increased risk...

... Type 2 diabetes Lifestyle Complications Management Prevention Key Messages • Rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reached epidemic proportions in many countries and are high throughout the world. • In predisposed families or populations, genetic and lifestyle factors...

... Abstract Achieving good metabolic control during the period prior to conception is the key to reducing congenital malformations that can occur in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Various different glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) levels (the gold standard for ascertaining metabolic control...

... (41.1 vs. 29.6%). Further, the prevalence of PA in type 2 diabetes patients with resistant hypertension has been defined to be around 14%. According to published guidelines, resistant hypertension in diabetes needs to undergo screening for PA. Therefore, it clearly results from these different reports...

... shown to lower plasma glucose levels in mice. Previous studies have shown that plasma visfatin levels are correlated with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Other studies, however, did not confirm an association of visfatin with visceral adipose tissue or parameters of insulin sensitivity in humans. Only two...

... Abstract Hyperparathyroidism and disturbances of glucose metabolism are much more frequently occurring concomitantly than initially suspected. The published prevalence of diabetes mellitus in primary hyperparathyroidism varies between 8 and 22% and the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism...