... Abstract Cells age in association with deficit accumulation via mechanisms that are far from fully defined. Even so, how deficits might scale up from the subcellular level to give rise to clinically evident age-related changes can be investigated. This ‘scaling problem' can be viewed either...

... and the deficit accumulation approach. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how frailty is conceptualized and operationalized based on these two approaches. The term ‘frailty' has been used scientifically since at least 1979, when Vaupel et al. [ 1 ] employed it to describe variability in life...

... Abstract Individuals of the same age differ greatly with respect to their health status and life span. We have suggested that the health status of individuals can be represented by the number of health deficits that they accumulate during their life. We have suggested that this can be measured...

... Abstract Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, genetically transmitted neurological disorder, with onset in childhood, probably mediated in part by decreased brain dopaminergic functioning. The first author and colleagues were among the earliest (1976) to describe...

... Abstract Twin and family studies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) did result in the findings of a strong heritable component (60–80%) of this disorder in children and adolescents. Twin studies have not yet been performed in adults. In addition to increased rates of ADHD...

... Abstract Family, twin, and adoption studies support the notion that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder. Following from these quantitative genetic findings, numerous molecular genetic associations and a few linkage studies have been performed during...

... Abstract Electrophysiological studies in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients are still very sparse. Therefore, the first part of the chapter shortly reviews quantitative EEG (qEEG) as well as event-related potential (ERP) studies in children with ADHD. Basically, ADHD...

... Abstract This review provides an overview about recent findings in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) brain imaging. ADHD is understood as a developmental disorder and several studies have addressed brain development in children and adolescents. The hallmarks of impairment...

... Abstract Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is meanwhile accepted as a valid diagnostic entity in adults. A comprehensive and thorough examination, using a multimodel approach, is essential to diagnose ADHD in adults. Several diagnostic instruments exist which serve as important...

... Abstract In cross-sectional studies, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has been linked to the presence of several other psychiatric disorders. This diagnostic comorbidity is consistently found for antisocial personality disorder and also substance use disorders...

... Abstract Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is very frequent in offender populations. ‘Pure’ ADHD seldom occurs in these persons. The majority of individuals suffer from ADHD in combination with conduct disorder. The risk of developing antisocial and delinquent behavior during...

... Abstract In contrast to the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, few disorder-oriented psychotherapeutic approaches are currently available for the treatment of adults with ADHD. The development and the empirical examination of these began...

... Abstract Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is a common disorder which results in a lot of secondary problems. Pharmacological treatment is essential in the management of ADHD. Stimulant treatment has for decades been proven to be effective and safe. Amphetamine...

... Abstract Objectives: To describe the main aspects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), includingthe epidemiology, etiology, neurobiology, clinical features, comorbidities, diagnosis, outcome and treatment.Sources of Data: We performed a comprehensive, selective (nonsystematic...

... the questionnaires, patients who did not return the questionnaires, and patients whocould not be contacted. However, patients who returned the questionnaires had a higher rateof permanent deficit (10.6 vs. 8.1 and 4.4%) and a lower obliteration rate (54.2 vs. 68.8 and70.3%) than those who did not return...